The Urals are the regions of the Russian Federation, which conditionally divides the whole country into two parts: the European and the Asian.
Geographically, this region is the regionmountains of the Urals and the foothills (Valikovskaya mountain system). The length of the ridge is almost 2 thousand km, the length is meridian. On the entire territory of the ridge, the relief of the mountains varies greatly, therefore, 5 separate regions of the Urals are distinguished. We are talking about such regions as:
The northernmost part of the mountain system is PolarThe Urals. It has a length of 400 km. The boundaries extend from the northern point of the Constantine stone to the southern boundary of the Khulga River. This is a fairly high part of the mountain system, the middle peaks have a height of 850 to 1,200 m. The highest is the Payer mountain, which is more than 1500 m high. The date of the rise of the hills is the era of the Hercynian folding. The relief of the Polar Urals is characterized by wide valleys and glacial structures. In some areas, there are small deposits of permafrost.
Virtually all regions of the Urals have a bad climate. It is quite severe, sharply continental. Winters are snowy, frosty, and the air temperature can drop to -55 ° С.
In the region the amount of precipitation is distributedunevenly. The western slopes receive more rainfall than the eastern slopes. Due to the constant loss of rain and snow, the region abounds in lakes. They are mainly of karst origin and shallow depth.
Flora and fauna of the region are meager. Vegetation is represented by taiga forests, but only in the southern region. And the only fauna representative, often found on this territory, is the reindeer.
There is no permanent population in the region. The nearest town is Vorkuta.
The circumpolar region is the next region thatcan be seen, descending to the south. Its borders extend from the Khulga River in the north to the southern boundary of the Nest of the Winds. This area is known as a representative of the highest peaks of the mountain system. The highest point - the city of Narodnaya - is located right here. Its height is 1,895 m. In total there are 6 peaks above the height of 1,600 m.
This territory, like other regions of the Urals, is very popular among climbers. Annually climb to the heights of hundreds of travelers.
The northern Urals is the most difficult one to cross.The southern borders of the region pass along the foot of two mountains: Kosvinsky and Konzhakovsky Stone, and the northern to the Schuger River. The width of the Ural Mountains in this region is 60 km, and the ridges run several ridges parallel to each other. In the northern region there are no settlements and people. At the foot of the east and west of the mountain are impassable forests and marshes. The highest point of the region is Telposis (over 1,600 m).
Lakes in the Northern Urals more than 200.However, almost all of them have a small size and no vegetation around. Sometimes they are covered with kurums (stones scattered). At an altitude of more than 1,000 m is the largest and deepest lake in the North Urals - Telpos. Its depth is 50 m, the water is very clean. There are no representatives of aquatic animals, particularly fish, here.
In this area, brown coal, bauxite, manganese, and also ore are extracted: iron ore and other types.
Middle Urals (another name Central) -the lowest part of the mountain system. The average heights are 550-800 m. The borders of the region pass in the north from the town of Konzhakovskiy Kamen to the northern borders of the Jurmi and Oslyanka mountains. The tops of the region are gently outlined, there are no rocky mountains here. The highest point of the Middle Urals is the middle town of Basseg (almost 1,000 m) - this is the only peak of this height in this area.
The climate in the Middle Urals is formed by winds thatcome here from the Atlantic Ocean. For this reason, the weather here is changeable, sharp temperature fluctuations can occur even within a day. The average temperature of January is -18-20 ° C, July + 18-19 ° C. Frosts can reach -50 ° С. Winter lasts for 5 months, it is characterized by a steady snow cover from November to April.
Some regions of the Urals (Northern including)are represented by the taiga, closer to the south, it is increasingly possible to meet the steppe terrain. The fauna is meager. A big role in this was played by the climate, hunting and poaching. For the last reason, there are no more wild horses, bustards and saigas here.
The southernmost region of the mountains is the Southern Urals.It passes along the borders of the river of the same name and the reservoir of Ufa. The length is 550 km. The relief here is represented by complex forms. The climate is continental with hot summers and cold winters. The snow cover in winter is stable, its height is 50-60 cm. There are many rivers in the region, they have access to the Caspian Sea basin. The largest rivers are Inzer and Ufa.
This geographical region has a verya variety of vegetation, and it is absolutely different on the eastern slopes and western. The fauna is also represented by a large number of animals. It is worth noting that the southern region is the richest of all of the above.
