Millions of years, mankind has ate mushrooms,which were originally an integral part of forests and wild untouched nature. Subsequently, some of their species were even assigned to crops that were successfully grown at home. For several hundred years, people have successfully used them for medical purposes, for weight loss, and even used substances that stupefy their minds. Today, much is known about the forest treasures of the squirrel: the beneficial properties of each individual specimen, taste, edible and inedible species, which are many.
Special attention in the numerous species listMushrooms deserve the orange-cap fungus, because it grows in almost all corners of immense Russia, is available to every amateur: both the mushroom picker, who collects generous autumnal natural gifts, and the average buyer who came to the hypermarket for a real delicacy for dinner. Therefore, those who are seriously keen on mushroom hunting simply consider themselves to be connoisseurs of such a product, and, perhaps, have never heard of it, it would not be superfluous to learn about the individual characteristics and varieties of the orange-boletus. In the article we tried to collect all the facts and interesting observations concerning the above-mentioned mushroom.
There are several species of boletus in nature.It is red, yellow-brown, white, black-chested and painted with the legs. These also include redheads: oak, pine and spruce. They are all different, but their main distinguishing feature is the appearance. Aspen mushrooms are easily recognized by their thick, stocky stem (usually white) and a massive cap, which may have a different shade. The cap in mushrooms of aspen mushrooms, the photos of which are presented in the article, has a compact spherical shape. Sometimes she even barely frames the leg, and does not spread over it in the form of an umbrella. Representative of this type of fungus can not be called small. Sometimes it grows up to 25 cm in height, and its leg is not fully wrapped around a human hand. It should be said that aspen birds grow well not only in Russia, but also in North America.
Red mushroom orange-cap boletus can rightly be calledone of the most popular in Russia. This is quite natural, because it is found almost everywhere. Why was this name given to this mushroom? In fact, it explains the features of its growth. By such a name is meant a mushroom that grows predominantly near deciduous trees. Aspen among them is considered the main favorite of the fungus, but poplar, willow, beech, birch or oak also do not go unheeded. Even an inexperienced mushroom picker will see a red boletus among the fallen leaves, because it is given off by a cap that has a bright color. Usually red or almost burgundy. Sometimes there are aspen with a hat red-brown or, for example, a bright red color. Such a mushroom can be seen even from afar, and it is very convenient for a mushroom picker.
Особенностью красного гриба подосиновика является and the fact that it can grow both individually and in groups. By the way, "family" glades are most often found in aspen forests. The mushroom prefers to grow next to all sorts of ditches and small forest paths. This is completely understandable, because it is known that mushrooms like wet conditions, and in dry places they simply do not develop properly. Most often, this representative of an aspen species can be found in the Caucasus, Siberia and the Far East. Experts recommend collecting them from June to October.
It is possible to use a red mushroom as an aspen.boiled or fried. Many lovers prefer to marinate it, thereby maintaining for a long time. By the way, until now any boletus is relevant and in a dried form. During processing, the fungus darkens. In the case of marinating, it retains its original appearance. Some experts recommend cutting the legs, as they are slightly stiff and contain almost no vitamins, which are full in the cap. But for someone it is just a matter of taste preferences.
A distinctive feature of the yellow-brown aspenis the color of his cap, which fully corresponds to the name - it is yellow-brown. Sometimes it is possible to find such a mushroom as an aspen with a sand-orange cap or with a very light sand, almost yellow. It is wide enough in diameter (15-20 cm). It is better to search for yellow-brown boletus in birch and aspen forests, in ravines and lowlands. Yellow-brown boletus is often found in pine forests located in regions with moderate climatic conditions. That is, like most mushrooms of this genus, it is widely distributed in Russia. This boletus almost always grows alone, and not as much as, for example, white cap boletus mushrooms and boletus mushrooms. You can collect it from the beginning of the summer until the very end of autumn.
Experts recommend looking for more recentyoung mushrooms, because their flesh is much softer and tastier. They are easy to recognize by the cap - it should be bright. Also, attention should be paid to the density of the fungus itself: its foot must be firm and free from visible damage. For example, wormy eating places or rot. Young mushrooms sometimes have a dry skin that hangs from the edge of the cap. At the same time, the leg is covered with grainy brown scales, which turn black with age. As for the very old aspen mushrooms, they have a faded color and loose fibers. They can also be cut off, but it is better to use only their caps as food.
The most conspicuous part of the redhead isa hat that has a bright dark crimson hue. This mushroom grows near the pines, mainly in damp lowlands, ravines. The most preferred climate for him is temperate. Pine redhead can be easily identified by the stem, which has small and pale brown scales. It should be noted that this fungus is also popular in its own way, however, it is much less common in comparison with the aforementioned red cap boletus.
As the name implies, this mushroomdifferent from his fellow counterparts white hat. In this case, with age, it changes color, becoming grayish-brown. The white-boar mushroom is often found in humid coniferous forests. However, it can also be found in mixed forests and even in birch forests. During periods of severe drought, white aspen birds "sit" exclusively next to aspens. In general, it grows almost everywhere. This mushroom pleases mushroom pickers near Moscow, Siberia, as well as the Leningrad, Murmansk and Penza regions. Mushrooms grow from June to September.
The flesh of white aspen is rather dense, onat the cut point, it first turns blue and then turns black. Its leg is high creamy-white, sometimes growing to 20-25 cm. It is covered with light scales, which, despite their similarity to the main shade of color of the mushroom legs, are visible to the naked eye. By the way, the white boletus mushroom and butter dish, the cap of which is also quite light, inexperienced mushroom pickers are confused. However, these are completely different mushrooms, not only in appearance, but also in taste. The oil can is covered with characteristic mucus, and its hat in young specimens, although light, is not white.
The fungus can be easily distinguished bya hat of a coffee-brown shade. At the same time, it is not homogeneous, but is covered with small scales of red-brown color. This mushroom prefers to grow at the foot of the oaks, so it is quite obvious where to look for it. The diameter of the cap of the oak redhead is usually from eight to fifteen cm. As for the leg, its maximum height can reach 15 cm, and the thickness is 3 cm. By value among other species of aspen mushrooms, this mushroom can be called medium.
Growth area of the oak redheadis extensive. Often, of course, it is found in central Russia, because it prefers moderate climatic conditions. In a favorable year with enough rainfall, it can rejoice mushroom pickers from mid-summer until late autumn.
Spruce Redheads typically growin small groups, and they can be found mainly in coniferous forests and in mixed plantings. Many experts believe that it is better to look for them under the fir trees, but lately such a rule is not fully applicable to them. These mushrooms feel great under other trees, where there is enough moisture and leaf humus. It is possible to distinguish the fir redhead from the others by a hat that has a brownish-chestnut shade. The peel of this cap hangs slightly over the edge, and the leg has light brown scales and slightly expanded closer to the base. These mushrooms are usually harvested from mid-July to late October.
Помимо вкусовых качеств и того, что собирать Aspen mushrooms can be practiced almost from the beginning of summer until late autumn, they have several advantages. For example, the mass distribution of aspen mushrooms on the territory of our country. It is nice to know that on a quiet sunny autumn day you can go to the forest and cut into a basket of natural gifts for hodgepodge absolutely free. It is necessary to list some more of the advantages of aspen birds:
It is believed that young mushrooms are more useful forhealth All vitamins and other substances are maximally stored in them. On the other hand, many attribute them to heavy food, which should be used with caution. Scientists of the minds have their own opinion on this: the main rule for eating aspen mushrooms is their competent preparation. Nutritionists insist that only the cooked and fried mushrooms the human body is able to assimilate as much as possible, and only in this form they will not harm him.
