You, of course, know what a butterfly looks like, andThat's what she loves to eat, where she lives, how she breeds, and, finally, how many feet does a butterfly have? All these questions surely confuse many. And that means you need to figure it out.
Butterflies belong to the order of arthropods and, betweenBy the way, among invertebrates, these are the most highly developed creatures. Probably, there is no person who could indifferently look at a beautiful, petal-like insect, which, moreover, has an amazing ability to undergo a complex metamorphosis, turning from a crawling insatiable larva-caterpillar into an elegant winged creature.
Interestingly, back in the 19th century.Caterpillars and butterflies were attributed to different types of insects, but lepidopterology (the science of butterflies) helped to arrange a lot in places. By the way, now scientists are confident that almost 100 thousand species of butterflies are not studied.
Starting from the example of well-known urticaria, we find out what the butterflies are, how many legs they have and how their amazing transformations occur.
One of the most unique and at the same time oftenA common representative of the Nymphalid family is the butterfly urticaria (Aglais urticae). It can be seen throughout North America, Europe, Russia, Asia, China and Japan. And it is named so in honor of the addiction of its caterpillar to one type of food - nettle.
Male urticaria die in the fall, andfertilized females hibernate in crevices, barns, basements, attics, and other secluded places, wrapping their bodies with wings like a blanket, and sometimes even freezing through and turning into fragments of ice.
This is one of the few butterflies wintering instate of imago (adult). But in April, with the first rays of the sun, hives come out of hibernation and delight our eyes with bright black and orange specks against the background of the first green.
In the spring, the structure of butterflies can be best considered. All about butterflies, or almost everything You can find out by watching the urticaria and another early beauties - limonnitsy from the family Belyanok, having bright lemon wings and received for this its name.
In early spring, they still have nothing much to profit from, andbutterflies escape sweet birch sap. And in the summer they, of course, prefer the juice of fruits, nectar of asters and daisies (urticaria) or flowers of hawthorn (limonnitsa).
True, other beauties have a special delicacy.there may be animal feces or wet clay, which, as it turned out, is a supplier of trace elements necessary for insects. And the scoops living in India and Malaysia are predators. They feed on the blood and tears of large animals.
Female urticaria in May looking for a suitableplace for your eggs. And they find it, as you might guess, on young shoots of nettle, less often - on hop or hemp. Cabbage soup - prefer cabbage, and some species of butterflies scatter their eggs on the ground.
Its yellow-green, similar in shape tokegs, testicles, the female of the urticaria lays in an uneven heap on the underside of the leaf, 150–200 pieces and dies, and in ten or twelve days of them tiny caterpillars will appear.
Immediately after the birth of the larvae eatempty egg shells are wrapped around the lower part of the leaf with a common web-web, under which they hide during the night and in bad weather, and if the sun is shining, the caterpillars will greedily eat.
The larvae live in a heap, do not crawl away far from each other and sometimes eat their own “house” - nettles - so that only the veins are left from the leaves.
Utykanny spiny outgrowths with shorthairs, calves of insatiable urticaria caterpillars, as a rule, have a brown, almost black color with double yellow longitudinal stripes. By the way, during their development, they, like the larvae of other butterflies, molt several times, changing the shell and thus increasing in size over the month by almost 2 cm.
И прежде, чем выяснить, сколько ног у бабочки, let's count them from the larvae. Like most caterpillars, the urticaria has five pairs of abdominal legs (they are called false), as well as three pairs of thoracic - true ones. Of these, later, when pupated, the butterfly will develop its six legs, while the false legs are more likely a device for holding the larva on the leaf. They are usually plump and short, decorated at the end with tiny hooks and hooks that act like velcro.
Before pupation, the caterpillars become moredetached and stop their endless food process to find a place where you can safely hook on. As a rule, this happens right there on the fodder plant, but sometimes the caterpillars crawl 15 m each to find a suitable place for themselves. It can be a fence, a wall or another vertical surface.
On it, the caterpillar hangs upside down,entrenched with its glue, and when the skin slides off the larva, then the pupa appears in its place, having an angular shape and colored brown or golden, sometimes also with a beautiful pearl luster.
After about three weeks from such a pupaa butterfly will hatch with very short wings. For a while she will sit, growing them (they become more just before our eyes!), And then go on her first flight.
What is the external structure of the butterfly?It can be divided into three parts: the head, chest and abdomen. On the head of the butterfly, large eyes and a pair of long antennae-antennas stand out, which extend from the frontal part between the insect's eyes and help it to perceive odors, fluctuations of air, and also to keep balance in flight.
At the bottom of the head the butterfly has an oralthe apparatus, in the form of a proboscis coiled into a spiral, formed by the connected, but not accrete, lobes of the mandible (they, by the way, are easily separated by a pin).
Through this proboscis a butterfly, with the help of a pharyngeal pump similar to that of a blacksmith, draws in nectar.
And how many walking legs a butterfly hives, you can determine how you should consider it.
The butterfly's chest is divided into three segments, each of which carries its own pair of legs. There are six butterflies in total. But the front pair in some species is a rudimentary process.
As walking such butterflies useonly four legs. However, it should be noted that in all of them they mostly serve only for fixing on the surface, and not for walking, therefore they are equipped with a large number of special devices. And many butterflies also have taste buds on their paws. And the insect will not start eating until it touches the sweet nectar with its limbs.
Legs of urticaria, like other butterflies,called running. They are attributed to those in connection with the peculiarities of the structure. They, as well as in other species of butterflies, are articulate and are divided into five segments, which are called a basin, a trochanter, a thigh, a shin, and a foot. The paws are further divided into five segments and have a pair of claws at the end.
Almost all butterflies in the fore tibiathe spurs (the so-called epiphysis) are located, which the insect uses to clean the antennae. It is true, for example, how many legs a butterfly woman has in a butterfly are difficult to answer, since her legs are almost completely reduced.
But how many paws a butterfly has, and what function they perform, directly affects their structure.
The unique omen of Nymphalides, which includehives, is that these butterflies, unlike their relatives, use only two pairs of legs. The third - the front - they are always tucked to the chest, shortened, without claws and covered with brush-like hairs.
But on the shins of each of the remaining legs there are hairs that help to detect and amplify any vibrations and instantly react to the danger. This is despite the fact that all butterflies do not have hearing.
