Kremenchug Automobile Plant - Ukrainiana manufacturer of trucks and components for them, created in 1958. Further in the article we consider one of its first models - KrAZ-219: technical characteristics, history, features.
The car was developed at the Yaroslavl Automobilethe factory replaced the YAAZ-210, where from 1957 to 1959 it was released under the name YAAZ-219. On the same chassis created a truck tractor under the symbol 221 and a dump truck - 222. Then the production was transferred to Kremenchug, as a result of which the car changed the brand, but kept the index. And the first mastered the production of a dump truck. In 1963 KrAZ-219 was replaced by its upgraded version 219B, which was produced until 1965. Then it was replaced with KrAZ-257.
This car is a heavy Soviet road truck.
It has a frame three-axis construction.The wheelbase is 5.05 + 1.4 m, the front track is 1.95 m, the rear one is 1.92 m. Versions 221 and 222 had a base shortened to 4.08 + 1.4 m, compared to KrAZ-219 . Photos posted in the article show the difference between them.
The car is equipped with two fuel tanks of 225 liters.
During the modernization of 1963, the frame was improved, and the 12-volt electrical system was replaced by 24-volt.
The cabin of the car is wooden with metal lining. Accommodates driver and two passengers.
KrAZ-219 has an onboard wooden platform with a hinged side and rear sides. Its dimensions are 5.77 m in length, 2.45 m in width, 0.825 m in height. Loading height is 1.52 m.
The overall dimensions of the car are9.66 m long, 2.65 m wide, 2.62 m high. The curb weight is 11.3 tons, the total weight is 23.51 tons. In the curb condition, the front axle has a load of 4.3 tons, the rear axle has 4 tons, in the fully loaded state, 4.67 tons and 18.86 tons, respectively.
KrAZ-219 was equipped with a single power unitYAZ-206A. This is a two-stroke six-cylinder diesel engine in-line layout of 6.97 liters. Its capacity is 165 liters. with. at 2000 rpm, the torque is 691 Nm at 1200-1400 rpm.
The updated modification received the same upgraded motor YAZ-206D. Performance increased to 180 liters. with. and 706 Nm.
There were also alternative sources of energy. Let's look at what KrAZ-219 could ride.
There was an experimental diesel trollshipunder the name DTU-10. Established in the UkrNIIproekt in 1961, the car received two additional traction motors of 172 kW each. To supply them with energy, the car was connected to the outboard contact network by means of contact rods, like a trolley bus. Its carrying capacity was 10 tons.
It is noteworthy that one of the innovations in the fieldFreight is the electric road for trucks created in Sweden in 2016. A similar transport scheme was tested by Ukrainian designers more than 55 years ago: DT-10 until the end of the 60s. worked on the world's longest trolleybus route 84 km long Simferopol - Yalta. However, the car was later converted into an ordinary truck, because, because of its low speed, it interfered with passenger transport on the highway, and the idea did not receive further development for mass use.
In addition, it should be noted that asRaw materials for the production of biodiesel fuel are currently used rapeseed oil. In addition, there are descriptions of the use of home-made fuel based on MTZ and XTZ tractors on diesel engines with the addition of methanol and even just used vegetable oil. Therefore, at least it was theoretically possible to operate KrAZ-219 on rapeseed oil.
The car is equipped with a manual 5-speed gearbox. Single-plate dry clutch with spring servo.
Drive - on the two rear axles. Transfer case - two-stage.
Front suspension on two semi-ellipticallongitudinal springs with hydraulic double-acting shock absorbers, rear - balancing type also on two semi-elliptical longitudinal springs.
The ground clearance is 290 mm under both axles.
The steering mechanism is worm and sector. Equipped with a pneumatic amplifier.
Brakes with pneumatic drive, drum. In addition, there is a mechanically operated handbrake, also shoe, for the transmission.
Tires - pneumatic, chamber, size 12.00-20 (320-508).
From 1960 to 1962, the development of combined propulsion units were carried out, including two pairs of small guide wheels for traveling by rail.
The car’s carrying capacity is 11.3 tons, the turning radius on the front outer wheel track is 12.5 m. The maximum speed is 55 km / h. Fuel consumption at 35-40 km / h is equal to 55 liters per 100 km.
Mainly KrAZ-219 was used fortransportation of large and indivisible goods. In addition, he became one of the main heavy vehicles of the army. For example, on such machines they transported ballistic missiles R-5 and mounted them with the help of specimens equipped with a crane, transported pipes, etc. The KrAZ-221 was widely used to tow airfield trucks TZ-16 and TZ-22.
Different chassis were installed on the KrAZ-219 chassis.equipment. For example, the above-mentioned transportation at the launch sites of heavy rocket equipment was carried out by cranes. Since 1959, it was a diesel-electric 10-ton K-104 Odessa plant in the name of the January Uprising. Soon it was replaced by a 16-ton K-162M Kamyshin crane plant. There was also a civilian modification K-162, as well as a version for cold conditions K-162C.
In addition, the installer used ballistic missiles R-12U in the mine on a semi-trailer, which towed KrAZ-221.
The above-mentioned TZ-16 (TZ-16-221 or TZ-16000)Produced Zhdanovsky heavy engineering plant. It includes a steel frame elliptical tank, divided into two compartments of 7500 and 8500 l, an autonomous GAZ M-20 engine, a gearbox, two centrifugal pumps СЦЛ-20-24, a set of process equipment (pipelines, meters, filters, fittings, control gauges, sleeves, etc.), rear control cabin. All this was mounted on a two-axle 19.5-ton MAZ-5204 semi-trailer. The total length of the road train is 15 m, weight - 33.4 tons.
TZ-22 production ChelyabinskThe machine-building plant (later the Zhdanovsky enterprise of heavy machine-building) has a similar structure, but a larger one, with a capacity of 6,000 l. In addition, it was installed on a two-axle 19.5-ton semi-trailer ChMZAP-5204M.
Initially TZ-16 towed the predecessor KrAZ-221 - YAAZ-210D. Later, both tankers were transferred to KrAZ-258.
On the basis of this car was created unit for airfields: vacuum sweeper to remove dust from the runways.
At the beginning of the 60s.began to install an automobile oxygen-producing station on the KrAZ-219P chassis. DTP is located in a sealed unified frame-metal body produced by PO Box 4111 (hereinafter referred to as MZSA).
Finally, on the KrAZ-219 chassis, the first in the USSR assembly for the development and repair of wells A-40, based on the German SALZCITTER lift, was mounted. This car appeared in 1959
