This is one of the most famous palace suburbsour northern capital. Every year thousands of tourists come to Pavlovsk. The Museum-Reserve in Pavlovsk attracts not only our compatriots, but also guests from abroad. And not in vain: there is something to see.
The very first settlement on these lands appeared inthe middle of the XIII century. It was the fortress "Town on Slavyanka." In the 18th century, there were the Finnish villages of Seppel and Linna. Empress Catherine the Great, visiting the nearby Tsarskoe Selo, came here to hunt. For her chambers were built two wooden houses with strange names - Krak and Creek. The first of them burnt down during the Second World War, when the city was occupied by the Germans, and the second because of the dilapidated disassembled in 1929.
В декабре 1777 года Екатерина II подарила эти land (362 desiatins) with all the villages and people to his son - Pavel Petrovich and his wife Maria Feodorovna in honor of the birth of their first child - the future Russian Emperor Alexander I.
A year later (in 1778) here were built two rather modest in size palace - Paulust and Mariental. Much later, in the place of Pauliust, the Pavlovsky Palace was built, the place of Mariental was occupied by the fortress of Bip.
Paul in 1786 began to build Pavlovskypalace. The author of the project was Charles Cameron. In the autumn of 1796 Paul I appropriated the status of the city to the village. In 1788 the emperor, who used to visit Gatchina earlier, presented this estate to Maria Feodorovna, her husband.
In 1801, after the death of the emperor, MariaFedorovna lived in the palace all the time in the warm season. Both the palace and the park store many corners associated with her name. For example, Own garden or a magnificent Pink Pavilion. Before the Patriotic War of 1812, the military commandant of the city became the legendary Peter Ivanovich Bagration.
After the death of Maria Feodorovna (1828).) Pavlovsk took over in the possession of the Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich, brother of Nicholas I. At this time Pavlovsk was actively built up and landscaped: the Yelenin quarter was built, the Alexandrovsky educational institution was organized, in which the children of the petty bourgeoisie and merchants studied, and the orphanage.
At the end of the XIX century the city of Pavlovsk became the centermusical culture: there was a famous music station. In those years, many famous composers and musicians often performed here. Since that time Pavlovsk was chosen by the summer residents.
After the Revolution of 1917the city was renamed Slutsk. So it was called until 1944. During the Second World War Pavlovsk was occupied by fascist troops. In retreat, the Germans burned the Palace of Paul, and in the park during the occupation they cut down more than 60 thousand trees. Were destroyed valuable historical and architectural monuments.
The historical name of the city was returned in 1944. After the end of the war, it was decided to restore the complex. It lasted until 1973.
In 1989 Pavlovsk was included in the Listheritage of UNESCO. Today 42 objects of the reserve are protected by the state and are cultural and historical monuments. Pavlovsk is a center of tourism, which is visited annually by more than 1.5 million people.
Museum-Reserve Pavlovsk (Russia) touristsbegin to learn from this elegant golden-white palace. It was built on the bank of the river Slavyanka by the famous architect C. Cameron in the 18th century. Pavlovsk Palace is visible from anywhere in the city and the park. The three-story central building is crowned with a flat dome, mounted on 64 columns. Colonnade galleries connected the central building with service buildings. They form a front yard, shaped like a horseshoe.
When Pavel I entered the throne, Pavlovsk was officially declared a suburban imperial residence. At the end of the XVIII century, the architect V. Brenna carried out work on the expansion of the palace.
Over the service buildings were built the secondfloors. They were joined by two semi-circular wings, which practically closed the front yard. Another gallery has increased colonnades. Despite these changes, the central building remained the main one in the composition of the palace. He stood out with grace and size.
C.Cameron chose white columns as the main decoration element. They are decorated with the facades of the main building, they create magnificent open galleries, reliably support the dome. As a supplement to the main element, a stucco frieze with acanthus leaves is chosen, which surrounds the entire building, as well as three bas-relief medallions with allegorical images of Sculpture, Architecture and Painting on the main facade.
Newly built B shells.Brenna decorated with stucco - crowns and monograms of the owners of the palace. Only at the ends of the outbuildings he installed portals consisting of black columns. They seem to open the entrance to the front parade ground. Such a composite solution allowed to link the new and old buildings into a single ensemble.
Architects J. Quarenghi and A.Voronikhin in the early XIX century completed the design of the facades of the palace. At this time, a marble porch with a balcony, balustrades appeared. In 1807 P. Gonzaga covered one of the walls of the gallery with frescoes. It shows arcades and staircases of monumental buildings. This gallery entered the history of Russian architecture under the name of the Gonzaga Gallery. The famous K. Rossi in 1822 placed above it a library with original arched windows. Between them were busts of philosophers.
The creation of this unique park began in 1780year in the city called Pavlovsk. The Museum-Reserve today is a magnificent example of landscape art. An invaluable role in the formation of the Pavlovsky ensemble was played by the architect C. Cameron. He created in the period from 1782 to 1807 projects on which pavilions were built, the colonnade of Apollo, the Great Cascade, the column "The End of the World". According to his drawings, the park was decorated with the Centaur, Gorbat and Black bridges.
Чрезвычайно разнообразен по приемам устройства Park in a city like Pavlovsk. The Museum-Reserve (more precisely, a part of the park) is now occupied by urban buildings, so that it is practically connected to the city in the upper Slavyanka stream. Its opposite part continues to the surrounding low forest.
The trees in the park are planted so that the private garden and the wings of the palace are almost invisible. The view from the colonnade to the palace, surrounded by groups of trees, is extraordinarily beautiful.
On all tourists visiting Pavlovsk,Museum preserve a great impression. One of the most beautiful parts of Pavlovsky Park is considered to be its own garden. It is located at the Pavlovsk Palace, adjoins the chambers of the Empress Maria Feodorovna. I must say that she knew flowers very well, and she managed to collect a very large collection of them.
Own garden is made in the style of smallDutch and French gardens and is a garden in the park. Outsiders were not allowed into this area, the garden was the resting place of the owners of the palace. In the south side of the kindergarten, on the high terrace, Paul I. loved to work.
Many rare plants were planted in the garden. They bloomed constantly, replacing each other. The garden had a second name - the Temple of Flora.
Another attraction that is proud ofPavlovsk. The Museum-Reserve on the territory of the park has an amazing monument - Paul I's Mausoleum. This is not the emperor's tomb. Paul I, buried in St. Petersburg, in the Peter and Paul Cathedral.
In one of the letters Empress Dowagercalls it a “monument”, and in the contract with the architect Carlo Visconti it is listed as a “temple”. Its modern name is the Mausoleum of Paul I, or the Mausoleum of the consort-spouse. This building is a tribute to the emperor from his wife.
Reviews of the Museum Pavlovsk (Russia)can be described as follows: all who have visited this amazing place talk about the vivid impressions of the trip. Visitors note that, despite the small size of the palace, it amazes with its elegance and richness of decoration. As for the park, then all visitors feel very comfortable in it: the magnificent nature, the well-groomed alleys, the magnificent flowers of the Private Garden act pacifyingly.
