In the basin of the rivers Kama and Klyazma spread itsexpanses of Udmurtia. On the hilly plain, which is divided by beautiful river valleys, there are dense forests. They are sometimes interrupted by green meadows and endless arable land. The nature of these places is rich and generous. But, unfortunately, human activities, natural factors lead to the partial or complete disappearance of certain species of plants and animals. Today we will talk about the representatives of the fauna of Udmurtia, which are threatened with death, if a person does not take urgent measures to preserve them.
In this book are placed on the vergedisappearances, as well as rare plants, animals, fish, insects and mushrooms of Udmurtia. A group of scientists prepared this serious work. The section "Animals" was published under the editorship of NE Zubtsovsky, and VV Tuganaev worked on the section "Plants".
In 2001, in two volumes, the first Redthe book of Udmurtia. Animals (pictures and names published on the pages) of endangered species have been described in this work. Each volume was published in an amount of 1500 copies. This book is intended for a wide audience.
In 2007, the second edition was issued, which includedincluded changes and additions. In the first volume, containing a list of endangered and rare plants and fungi of the republic, 145 vascular plants, 18 bryophytes, 25 lichens, 9 algae and 22 fungi were included.
The second volume described the endangered and rare animals of Udmurtia. It included 139 species. Among them there are 69 invertebrates and 70 vertebrates.
Animals of the Red Book of Udmurtia are not simply describeddry scientific language. Each species is decorated with colorful illustrations, here is the category of rarity, range boundaries, information on the number and required activities for the protection of rare plant and animal species.
To understand how Udmurt scientists assign the status of rarity to different species, it is necessary to familiarize themselves with the following material.
0 - This group includes already extinct species that previously inhabited the territory of Udmurtia. Their presence in the natural environment has not been recorded for more than fifty years.
I - a group of animals or plants that are endangered. There is a real danger of their complete extermination.
II - this group includes species, the number of which is rapidly decreasing. Under the influence of various adverse factors, they can take place in the I category.
III - rare species. They are very small, today they are found only in a very limited territory of the republic or sporadically distributed throughout the territory of Udmurtia.
IV - uncertain status.The species included in this group may belong to one of the previously listed categories, but there is no reliable information on their status in nature or they do not fully meet the criteria of these groups.
V - recoverable and regenerative species.Their distribution and numbers, under the influence of certain reasons or after the adopted protective measures, began to approach a state that does not require urgent measures for restoration and preservation.
Animals of the Red Book of Udmurtia (photos you cansee in this article) in the new edition were qualified somewhat differently. This happened after a reassessment of their rarity status. For example, if earlier in the IV category (the status is not defined) there were 37 species of animals, in the new edition there are only ten of them. The same can be said about 23 species of plants, with an indefinite status. Today their number has decreased to 16 species. Wormwood, tarragon, dwarf birch, and other plants, formerly found in the II and III categories, moved into the I category. Now these species need special protection.
In the taiga forests of the republic there are quite a lot of mammals, birds, insects. Some of them are animals of the Red Book of Udmurtia. We will mix photos and descriptions of some of them below.
Russian muskrug
The animal belongs to the group of insectivores,the Krotov family. Included in the I category. In Udmurtia, it can be found in the Kiyasovskiy district, on the Yazhbahtinka River, on the Kyrykmas and Izh River in the same area, in the Yar district on the Lekma River.
Moustached sturgeon
The animal belongs to the family of Gladconidius, a group of Bats. Has the status of IV category. The only specimen of this species was caught in Izhevsk.
Wolverine
Animals of the Red Data Book of Udmurtia are oftento rare species in other regions. Wolverine is a predator of the family Cunyi. She was given the status of the I category. This species is endangered on the territory of the republic. There are individuals in Glazovsky, Yar, Kez and Balezinsky districts.
European Mink
Another predator from the family Kunih. Has the status of I category. In Udmurtia he met in the Kambarsk, Karakulino, Sarapul regions, on the Kama River, in the Malopurginsky and Kiyasovsky districts.
Forest dormouse
Rodent from the Sonev family (IV category). In Udmurtia, he was seen in Syumsinsky, Kizner, Sarapul and Vavozh districts.
Black-throated loon belongs to the group of Gagariformes, the familyGagarovs (0 category). Disappeared in Udmurtia view. As early as the beginning of the 20th century, the diver was a frequent visitor on the flight, quite often she met on the Kama River. In the 90 years was only two times marked at the Votkinsk reservoir on the spring migration.
Black-necked Grebe
Семейство Поганковые, отряд Поганкообразные (III category). This species is represented by a very small population, which is spread sporadically. In the republic, individuals of this species can be found on the lakes of the Kamsky left bank (Karakulinsky district).
Gray-necked grebe
Family Grebe, squad Foot-shaped (IV category). The status is not defined. In Udmurtia, was recorded near the village of Vavozh.
Black stork
Family Stork, Order Ciconiiformes (Icategory). In terms of numbers, the species is in a critical state in Udmurtia. Noted in Vavozhsky and Uvinsky districts, in the middle reaches of the Siva River, in the floodplain of the Lekma River (Yarsky District).
Red-breasted Goose
The Duck family, the Anseriformes squad (IV category). In the republic, the species is recorded on the Kama, at the mouth of the Belaya River and on the Izh River, not far from the Pugachevo station.
Osprey
Family Skopins, Falconiformes (Icategory). Nesting facts were recorded in Karakulinsky and Kambarsky districts at the very beginning of the eighties. In addition, birds were found in the valleys of the Kama and Vyatka, Izhi and Siva, Kyrykmas and Kilmesi.
Golden eagle
Животные Красной книги Удмуртии (и также птицы) quite widely represented in other regions of our country. For example, the golden eagle. In Udmurtia, he was assigned a category I. It was noted in the vicinity of the village Malyagurt (Igrinsky district), in Karakulinsky district, in the floodplain of the Kama.
The animals of the Red Book of Udmurtia (the pictures we have placed in this article) are quite widely represented in the more southern regions of Russia. Copperhead from the order of the Scaled (the family of the Wind)refers to category III (rare species). These reptiles have a very small number, and are common only in certain areas of Udmurtia. This species is officially registered only in the Sumsinsky region, near the village of Kilmez.
Eastern Snowtail belongs to the order of orthoptera, familyGrasshoppers. This is a rare species included in category III, as it has a small population and is distributed in a very limited area of the republic. It is found in Sarapulsky, Zavyalovsky, Karakulinsky and Alnashsky districts.
Odorous beauty
Insect from the beetle unit (familyGround beetles). You can meet him in the vicinity of Sarapul. It belongs to the IV category, since at the moment there are no reliable data on the state of the species in natural conditions of Udmurtia.
Black pestryak
This species belongs to the Coleoptera order(family Plasminata), in Udmurtia, recorded in Kiznerskom area. It lives in oak forests, where adults can be found on umbrella flowers. The larva develops in oak, alder and willow wood. Adult beetles appear in June.
Doubtful bronze
Beetle from the order of the Beetles (familyPlastinous). Introduced in category II. In Udmurtia, it is found in the Votkinsk, Kiznersk and Sarapulsk districts. Prefers old deciduous forests (usually oak, or with an admixture of oak). Adult individuals feed on tree sap that flows out of cracks in the bark, as well as plant flowers.
Apollo Ordinary - a butterfly belonging to the family Sailboats. In Udmurtia, it was noticed in the Sumsinsky, Yakshur-Bodyinsky, Krasnogorsk, and Kambarsky districts.
Animals of the Red Book of Udmurtia make up moreimpressive list than the one that we presented to your attention. Many of their species need the help and protection of man. That is why in Udmurtia systematic work is being done to preserve endangered and rare species.
