The basis of the integrity of the living shell of the Earth(biosphere) is the totality of the diversity of species of microorganisms, plants, animals, fungi, etc., which were formed in the process of evolution. There is nothing superfluous or unnecessary in this system; one coordinated mechanism has been running for millions of years. Associated with it is the development of human society, whose influence on the wildlife only increases from year to year. It is often not beneficial and, as a result, leads to the need to take measures aimed at preserving species diversity.
In the Komi Republic, this kind of work is being done with80s. In 1998, the Red Book was established, which reflects all rare and endangered species. The frequency of its publication is once every ten years. The animals of the Red Book of the Komi Republic are rated according to six criteria and categories characterizing the status of the species.
One of the most mysterious and interesting to science.Kingdoms - Mushrooms. Currently includes about one and a half million species. In the Red Book of Komi it is represented by two departments and 42 species. Including:
Contrary to popular belief, under protectionnot only birds, plants and animals are taken. The Red Book of the Komi Republic also included representatives of the oldest spore organisms (algae) belonging to the lower kingdom of lower plants. There are four types of them: the Lemane river, the nostok is plum-shaped, the tolipella is spike-shaped, Hara ordinary. The first is a kolonovidny alga, reaching in sizes up to 4 cm. If taken on a world scale, this is a cosmopolitan species, widespread. However, in Komi, only small populations are noted in rivers and tundra lakes.
Lemanea river has a large thallus up to 30 cmlong, usually simple, much less abundantly branched. Color specific: dark purple, brown, pinkish. A rare species of red alga in the world, in Komi only 4 populations were found. The same can be said about tolipellu colosiform, growing at the bottom of tundra lakes. Populations and their numbers are little studied, but need protection, as in Russia it grows only in the tundra.
All the flora of the Komi Republic has 1158 speciesplants (vascular), of which about 1000 belong to the taiga zone and 500 - to the tundra. Domination belongs to the representatives of the angiosperms. Particularly worth noting some species. For example, Siberian pine cedar (photo), which is mistakenly called cedar. This tall tree (34-35 m) has a spreading crown and lives, according to some sources, up to 500 years, especially valued for nut-rich nutrient compounds. Evaluated by the second criterion, the cause - fires and felling by poachers. Also in the book are presented various types of sedges, swamps, bluegrass, Siberian iris, violets, elm (smooth and rough), etc.
Chordate animals listed in the Red Book of the Komi Republic are numerous and varied, so we consider more specifically for each class.
The most beautiful reservoirs of the republic have become home to 44species of bone fish. Harsh climatic conditions and a large number of rivers and lakes have identified the role of fishing as a traditional occupation in the region. This factor in combination with poaching, pollution of lakes and rivers, industrial development of the territory led to a decrease in the number of commercial fish. Under threat are including the following.
In addition, the Arctic char, Siberian grayling, and common bullhead are listed in the Book.
These animals are the Red Book of the Komi Republicbelong to primitive vertebrates, leading a water or semi-aquatic lifestyle. The section is presented in only two types. The first is the Siberian netcoat. It has an oblong and rounded body with a broad and flattened head. The size of adult individuals is 11–15 cm in length. The reasons for its small numbers have not been studied much, but according to some sources this is attributed to the relictism of settlement. The second species is a red-bellied toad. A small amphibian up to 5-6 cm in size with a bright orange or red belly covered with purple spots. The threat lies in the pollution of its habitats or their transformation.
250 species of birds nest in the Komi Republic.Of these, the following are included in the Red Book of the region: the great and red-necked grebe, the European Black-throated Diver, the common and small bittern, the Little and the Whooper Swan, the red-breasted brant, the gray goose, the fringe, the osprey, the marsh harrier, the golden eagle, the black-eagle, the white-tailed eagle, peregrine falcon, falcon, gyrfalcon, gray crane, quail, moorhen, coot, crake, sandpiper, great snipe, great spindle, owl, snowy owl, gray bearded and long-tailed owl, owl, common shad and nightingale redhead.
This is the most highly organized chordanimals, they tend to complex structure of the nervous system and, as a result, difficult adaptive and behavioral reactions. There are 60 species of mammals in the Republic, and five are rare and endangered.
As you know, everything in the world is in balance,but under the influence of human economic activity, it can easily shift in an unfavorable direction. Rarely, but there are cases and the reverse, when rare animals of the Red Book of the Komi Republic recover on their own. The forest ferret is a direct example. It was listed in the first edition, but to date, the population has recovered and does not cause concern from zoologists, but because the animal is excluded from the list.
