Education and culture in the 17th century is boomingprogressed. This was influenced by the growth of cities, the development of trade and crafts. In addition, cultural and political relations between Russia and Belarus and Ukraine have increased. And also there was an expansion of ties with the countries of Western and Central Europe, from which culture and scientific knowledge began to penetrate.
In the cities, they began to build two- and three-story buildings, more often they built stone houses. A characteristic feature of the construction has become a rich decorative finish.
Education and culture in the 17th century in Russia, althoughdeveloped at an unprecedented rate, but most of the people remained illiterate, although there were more literate people among the townspeople. In Moscow, printed primers, which enjoyed good demand. There were many books translated into Russian. Some people began to collect and store books.
It was not enough just to learn to read,arithmetic and writing. State and economic activities became more complex, there was a need for educated people who possess knowledge in various fields. But education and culture in the 17th century met stubborn resistance from the boyars nobility and clergy, who were conservatively disposed. Meanwhile, in Moscow, there were more and more new private schools. And in 1687 in Russia the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy became the first higher education institution.
From 1621 for the king and his entourage releasedhand-written newspaper "Kuranty", which describes the latest events in other countries. Books that reported secular knowledge were not available to everyone.
Knowledge of medicine was based on the experience of treatment. Although distributed "herbalists" (description of the medicinal properties of plants) and translated textbooks.
In 1678, the history of the Russian state was printed, the story in “Synopsis” begins from ancient times and up to the 70s of the 17th century.
Geographical knowledge, as well as education andculture in the 17th century, developed steadily. Russian explorers, such as Semyon Dezhnev (made an expedition to the strait between North America and Asia in 1648), E. Khabarov (made a map of lands along the Amur River in 1649, later Russian settlements were formed there), V. Atlasov (surveyed the Kuril Islands and Kamchatka), have made a huge contribution to the expansion of geography. Based on all this knowledge, maps of the Russian state, Ukraine and Siberia were developed.
Образование и культура в 17 веке в России led to the emergence of new genres in literature. They began to write not only about the rich, but also about ordinary people. A satire appeared, the objects of which were the church and the gentlemen. In this century arose versification and dramaturgy. Simeon Polotsky was their founder, as he was the author of plays at the court of Alexei Mikhailovich.
At this time, proverbs, folk songs, and sayings were first recorded. Folklore firmly penetrated all areas of culture. Western literature translated into our language has become widespread.
Monumental temples began to replace smallPosad churches that hit the game with volumes and colors, elegant, lively, covered with many patterns. Under the influence of Belarus and Ukraine in the last decades of the 17th century, Moscow baroque style spread in architecture. His main idea was the proportionality of the entire composition and lush decorative trim. Much attention was paid to the creation of bell towers and tiers. Concluding, we can say that the education and culture of the 17th century affected the appearance of cities, making them even more beautiful.
Education and culture in the 17th century contributedthe development of painting. Artists began to show their attention to the human person. Although the iconography has reached unprecedented skill, portrait painting has arisen. Its founder is Simon Ushakov.
The Armory has become the center of fine art.art, she was in the Moscow Kremlin. It worked both Russian and foreign artists. In their work, they tried to achieve great similarity with nature. In the 70s, the “Titulyarnik” was created - this is a collection of portraits of rulers, starting from Rurik and ending with Peter Alekseevich, portraits of foreign patriarchs, kings were also contained there, and the arms of different countries were depicted in it.
Changes began in Russia, changededucation and culture in the 17th century. School grade 7 is the time when this layer of our history is studied, which has become a turning point for Russian culture. Frequent popular movements, wars, events of the Time of Troubles made it clear to the people that he was capable of participating in his fate. The worldview has changed, broadened horizons. There was progress in all areas, the need for education and training of qualified personnel was revealed.
