Educational universal action (ULA) in our timeare the basic skills of each person. After all, they are generalized skills that open up the possibility for self-improvement and self-education. In other words, this is the ability to learn.
UUD is usually divided into four types.The first category includes personal educational universal actions. They provide semantic and value orientation of students. Pupils learn moral norms, learn to relate events and actions to ethical principles, realize the meaning and significance of morality, try to try on social roles that they later develop in interpersonal relationships.
In this category, it is customary to distinguish three types.personal action. The first is life, professional and personal self-determination. To the second - sense formation. In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard, this is the name for students to establish a connection between the motive of study, its goal, results and perspectives. Sense formation occurs if children think about the importance of education for them and know how to answer the question of what meaning it has for them.
The third type is the moral and ethical orientation - one of the most important personal components, influencing the moral attitude of the child.
They also need to be mentioned. Educational universal actions belonging to this category provide schoolchildren with the organization of their learning activities.
Take, for example, goal-setting. It implies the ability of the student to set a learning task. The goal-setting in this situation is carried out on the basis of the correlation of the studied with the unknown.
Also regulative learning universal actionsinclude planning. A person who is able to determine the sequence of intermediate goals and form some kind of “orientation” for their achievement may have great prospects in the future.
This category of actions includesforecasting, the ability to control their activities, adjust and adequately evaluate it. And of course, you can not forget about self-regulation. Learning universal actions to develop and improve is much easier if a person is able to use his will, and also to mobilize his energy and strength. However, teachers and parents should teach children to all this. Without the manifestation of interest and work on themselves, the makings of even the most useful qualities and skills “fade away”.
Это третья категория.It should be noted attention, talking about the universal training activities on the GEF. It is the teachers who should actively contribute to the development of the cognitive skills of their pupils. These include general training and logical skills, as well as the formulation and subsequent resolution of the problem.
The teacher must develop the ability in childrenindependently identify and formulate a cognitive goal, find the necessary information, structure the knowledge gained, consciously and competently build a speech, read in a meaningful way.
В процессе получения образования школьники get new universal learning activities. They become able to analyze and synthesize, establish causal relationships, build a logical chain of reasoning, prove the correctness of their words, put forward and substantiate hypotheses, formulate problems and independently create ways to solve them. All the above actions children learn to implement in the process of training. After all, lessons are the main pedagogical tool for the implementation of the requirements of the GEF.
Each person carries them almost from birth. After all, people are social creatures. Many universal learning activities are communicative in nature.
Take, for example, collaboration planningbetween teacher and pupils. Together they define the goals, the functions of the participants, choose the methods of interaction. Collectively seek and collect information, identify and identify problems, look for ways to solve them. In ambiguous situations, the ability to control and correct the opponent's behavior is manifested.
Also in the process of getting childrenmaster the dialogic and monologue forms of speech. These skills also include universal GEF training activities. Children during the time of school must necessarily master the norms of the native language.
All of the above skills, skills and qualities do not arise from scratch. The formation of universal learning activities is a complex process, implemented and controlled by teachers.
Их целью является предоставление своим pupils help in the process of mastering all components of educational activities. Each child under their leadership should become a person with the basics of moral behavior and general learning skills. Such is the model of the elementary school graduate, declared by the requirements of the GEF.
Successfully implemented universal programeducational activities favorably affect the level of child development. They gain the ability to independently learn, set goals for themselves, seek and use information to accomplish the task, control the process, and give an adequate assessment of the results.
UUD - these are the skills that are neededlaying on all primary school lessons. No wonder the founder of scientific pedagogy Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky said that every lesson should be a goal for the teacher. Pupils should constantly improve and learn something new in all lessons without exception.
Now you can talk a little bit about how exactlyThere are universal learning activities in the classroom. There are lots of methods. But the most popular is the use of intellectual games. After all, we are talking about primary classes. And they learn children who are still at the age when they want to have fun.
The game is a powerful means of socializing the child,promoting the development of empathy, reflection, ability to look at oneself from the outside. What UDD can be developed in children by this method? Variety. Formation of the ability to think associative contributes to the game "Association". The bottom line is simple. The teacher calls one word, and the children begin to name what they associate with it.
Then the principle becomes more complicated.The teacher lists several words at once, and the children should distribute them into two groups, each of which is characterized by a specific feature. A number can be like this: a cat, a sofa, a dog, a parrot, a table, a wardrobe, a drawer, a dolphin, an armchair. In this case, the students will allocate two groups, in one of which they will bring animals, and in the other - furniture. And this is just one such example. In fact, intellectual games exist in huge numbers, which is good news. After all, each lesson for children can be diverse and at the same time informative.
It is important to note that in our time, the development of universal educational activities is not carried out as before. There are many reasons for this.
Gradually preschool activities loserelevance - they are replaced by classes of educational type. Because of what in the life of children there is a completely miserable plot-role-playing game aspect. A preschooler learns the motivational sphere too early. And this is not good, since at first the child must have a psychological readiness for educational activities.
First of all, modern parents should understand this. Which are accustomed to focus on mental development, forgetting about the spiritual and moral component.
The awareness of children has also grown.Also, the Internet has supplanted literary reading, which is very bad. It is very difficult for non-reading children to master the method of semantic analysis of texts, to develop imagination and logical thinking. Many preschoolers become intellectually passive, because they have unlimited access to the World Wide Web, and if they need to learn something, they don’t learn, but simply search for it in an online search.
The teacher is countlessgoals. He must pay the pupils attention to the developmental value of all the tasks that they perform. He also needs to prove the necessity of acquiring this or that knowledge, to assure children of its usefulness and practicality. It is desirable for the teacher to interest schoolchildren in the discovery of new knowledge, the development of memory, the implementation of extracurricular activities for the purposes of self-development.
In addition, the teacher attractspupils to participate in various events and collective creative affairs, encourages their initiative, always gives the opportunity to correct the error. And this is not even 1/10 of what the teacher does. Therefore, highly qualified teachers are invaluable. After all, they do not just implement the requirements of the GEF - they help children grow up to be worthy and competent individuals with perspectives.
