The old temperature scale is named after the Germanthe physicist of the 17th century Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit (1686-1736). The scientist created a thermometer, for which he proposed a system with convenient starting points for measuring. The smallest distance between the devices was called "Fahrenheit" in honor of the inventor. This scale is now used increasingly less often due to the transition to the International System of Units (SI) in the 1970s. Knowing the rules for translating one unit to another will help to better understand the meaning of the title of Ray Bradbury's novel "451 degrees Fahrenheit" to residents of those countries where only the metric system is used.
German researcher G.Fahrenheit was born in Danzig, worked all his life in experiments on physics, invented instruments used in metrology. In 1710, the scientist began to create a temperature scale and a device for measuring the heating and cooling of bodies. One of the starting points in this work was the observation of the state of the mixture from ice and water, as well as the evaporation of water during boiling.
In Fahrenheit temperature measuring instrumentstinted alcohol and mercury. Lack of liquid metal - it freezes at low temperatures. Gabriel Fahrenheit constantly improved his instruments, was elected a member of the Royal Scientific Society in England. At one time it was believed that the thermometers created by the German physicist were irretrievably lost. There were only two copies, but then the third original device invented by the scientist was found.
Various thermometers exist about 500 years,The honor of creating these important devices is shared among themselves by the greatest scientists of the Middle Ages. In the first samples, the initial points for the scale were unsuccessfully chosen, and thermometers created with the use of divisions of different "prices" were inconvenient in everyday life.
The merit of Gabriel Fahrenheit is that,that he invented a device of modern shape with an accurate scale of measurement. The researcher proposed as a starting point the transition of ice into water, taking into account the point of its boiling. Modern household thermometers in English-speaking countries are not very similar to those invented in the Middle Ages, now most often marks are applied in the range from 0 to 132 ° F (degrees Fahrenheit).
The most important parameters of the scale of the device created by Fahrenheit:
Since 1960, most countries of the worldcarried out a transition to a metric system in which two scales are used: Celsius and Kelvin. The most common in everyday life, technology and meteorology are thermometers, on which Celsius fissions are applied, taking into account the transformation of the most widespread terrestrial matter - water. In the Kelvin scale used in scientific research, the starting point for temperatures is the state of the body, in which it has the lowest internal energy. The United States and the United Kingdom did not fully transfer to the International System of Units (SI). Thermometers with different scales are used in these and several other English-speaking countries.
In the Fahrenheit temperature scale, there isthe interval is from 0 ° to 100 °. The same range on the Celsius scale corresponds to a gap of -18 ° to 38 °. The Kelvin scale uses the term "absolute zero". This is the temperature, which is -273.2 ° C or -459.7 ° F. You can translate and 451 degrees Fahrenheit, which is 233 ° C.
Different temperatures can be converted intofriend, and these calculations are in demand in the USA and Great Britain, where they refused to use the Fahrenheit scale in many fields of scientific activity and production, but it still remains common in everyday life. If necessary, residents of English-speaking countries transfer fahrenheit to degrees Celsius, knowing that the temperature interval of 1 ° C is 1.8 ° F.
Until 1960, the Fahrenheit scale wasEnglish-speaking countries, the main one, was used in climatology, medicine, industry and everyday life. His novel Ray Bradbury graduated in 1953, and in the epigraph indicated that 451 degrees Fahrenheit is the temperature of the ignition of the paper. The protagonist of the work lives in the distant future and works as a "fireman", but does not fight with fire, but burns books.
American classic of a fantastic genrenovel anti-utopia devoted to the problems of moral choice, the struggle against totalitarian systems, the personification of which in the twentieth century was fascism. After coming to power in Germany, Adolf Hitler initiated the destruction of libraries, the burning of books. In this way the Führer wanted to eradicate any manifestations of dissent, to impose Nazi ideology on fellow citizens. The old temperature scale and physical magnitude - the degree of Fahrenheit - are gradually disappearing into the past, but the ideas raised in the novel remain relevant.
