Among the common mistakes encountered in speech andassociated with the lack of knowledge of lexical norms and the meanings of words, paronymy should be emphasized, that is, situations where the interlocutors incorrectly use the word paronyms in their speech. Examples of this error can be found in the speech of any of us. This and the misuse of words clothe and wear nice and wonderful painting and signature. To avoid these errors will help knowledge of the meanings of words, as well as an understanding of the phenomenon of paronymy and its causes.
Paronymy - a fairly commonlinguistic phenomenon in which two or more words have similarities in pronunciation and belong to one part of speech. Often, these words contain one common root, but their meaning does not match. Situations in which people communicate, written or oral, confuse the meanings of word-paronyms, replacing one word with another, are called paronymy.
This type of error relates to lexical andconnected primarily with ignorance of the meanings of certain words, the rules for their use in speech. However, in some cases sentences with paronyms are used in the literature to create paronomasia and puns.
The term "paronim" comes from two Greekwords: para - "near" and ónyma - "name". Paronyms are words similar in sound, but not identical, often one-root words. They belong to the same grammatical category, that is, belong to the same part of speech, but at the same time have different lexical meanings.
Paronyms are not interchangeable in speech, as thisonly leads to a distortion of the statement. Often paronimichnye couples are combined with different words. So, the pair "full" - "rich" is combined with different nouns. Hearty dinner and well-fed child.
The similarity of paronyms can lead to annoyingerrors, so you should pay attention to their true meaning and choose the right pair. For this you need to know the meaning of the word. Paronyms can also have a similar meaning and differ only in shade.
Misuse of such words is a fairly common lexical error.
In some cases, paronyms may appear andsynonyms. For example, "romantic" and "romantic", "ironic" and "ironic" (smile or remark), "melodic" or "melodic" sound, "patriotic" and "patriotic" act.
The main groups of paronyms are represented by adjectives and verbs, nouns and adverbs less.
Often a pair is formed either with words originally from the Russians, for example, “swamp” and “swampy”, or with words borrowed - “leasing” and “listing”.
There are several classifications of such words. By origin, root, affixal, etymological paronyms are distinguished. Examples of them we meet every day.
Root paronyms have different, but somewhat outwardly similar roots. For example, "excavator" and "escalator", they do not have a common semantic connection.
Аффиксаные паронимы имеют общий корень и combined by a common semantic link, but have different meanings through the use of prefixes and suffixes. For example, "subscriber" - "subscription", "economical" - "economical".
Etymological are formed in the case when the same word is borrowed by language in different ways. So, the word "project" is learned from Latin, "project" - from French.
Also identify the types of paronyms for word formation:
1. Distinguishing consoles:
2. Suffixed by:
3. Distinguishing the basis, that is, having a derivative and non-derivative basis:
By semantics, paronyms are distinguished, having onemeaning, but different shades of meaning. For example, the "long" - "long", "life" - "everyday". Paronyms with completely different semantics are also distinguished: "nest" - "nesting place", "turn" - "stained glass window", "stuffing" - "farce".
We mention the most frequently used paronymic pairs.
Quite a famous paronymic couple can be considered the words "dress" - "wear". Here it should be remembered that you can wear someone, and wear something.
Very often there are sentences with paronyms."painting" and "signature". Painted - a written list of something, wall painting, entry records. The signature is the personally entered surname at the end of the document.
The addressee and the addressee. The addressee is the one to whom the parcel or letter is addressed, the addressee is the person who sent it.
Archaic and archaic. Archaic - typical of antiquity, archaic - obsolete.
Democratic and democratic - another pair of words. Democratic - that refers to democracy. Democracy is called something characteristic of democracy.
Another interesting pair of words is "friendly" and "friendly." Friendly - related to friends, friendly - based on friendship.
Logical and logical. Logical - correct, correct, consistent. The logical is related to logic.
It is important to pay attention to the use of word-paronyms and avoid errors associated with their use.
There are four main reasons why speech mistakes are made in the use of paronyms:
1. Insufficient knowledge of the meanings of a word or even several.
2. Incompetent speaker in the field to which the word belongs.
3. Banal illiteracy and lack of vocabulary.
4. Reservations in speech.
Paronomasia - a means of enhancing expressivenessspeech, stylistic figure, which consists in the deliberate use of consonant words. Most often, to create paronomasia the words paronyms are used. Examples of this phenomenon can be seen in these sentences:
To serve would be happy - to be serviced is sickening.
He is not a wonderful guy, but a wonderful one.
Paronomasia - a pun, which can estimatereaders with a good sense of language and a sense of humor. It is often based on not only sound, but also semantic consonance. Paronomasia is also used as headlines to attract the attention of readers, for example: “Self-government or arbitrariness?”.
Избежать досадных ошибок в речи можно с помощью literature. So, you can learn the meaning of paronyms using thematic dictionaries. A list of paronymic pairs is given in alphabetical order. In addition, each word in a pair has its lexical meaning, as well as examples of normative use in speech.
Today you can use the following dictionaries:
1. "Dictionary of Russian Paronyms" edited by N. P. Kolesnikov. It was published in 1971.
2. "Dictionary of Russian Paronyms", edited by O.V. Vishnyak. The book was released in 1984.
3. In 1994, under the editorship of Yu. A. Belchikov and M. Panyushev, another Dictionary of Paronyms of the Russian Language was published. It was reprinted in 2007.
These books will help you to get acquainted with the main paronymic series, the meaning of their words.
Paronyms - words that sound alike, buthave different semantic meaning. In some situations, they can act and synonyms. Each of us periodically uses word-paronyms in his speech. Examples of their use: painting and signature, wear and dress.
Speech should avoid abnormaluse of words from paronymic pairs. It is necessary to select the one that is suitable in this situation. Regulatory use of paronyms is a sign of education and high culture of speech.
