The analysis of words by composition (or morphemic - fromthe term "morpheme", which denotes the minimal meaningful component of the word) is a kind of linguistic analysis. Its purpose is to determine the structural composition of the lexeme. That is, to make a correct analysis of a word by composition, it is necessary to find and isolate all the components from which a certain word form is constructed. Such an analysis (not to be confused with a morphological one, where the word is viewed from the point of view of belonging to a certain part of speech) is called morphemic.
The analysis of the composition should begin withestablishing the boundaries of each morpheme, that is, it is necessary to correctly define the prefix, root, suffix, ending, base. But it is worth remembering that not every wordform necessarily contains all existing morphemes: for example, "school" consists of the root (-school-), the suffix (-n-) and the end (-th). But, in turn (and this is not uncommon for the modern Russian language), there are words that include several roots, prefixes or suffixes. So, the "steamship" has two roots (-pair- and -way-), one suffix (-n-) and an ending (-th). A "listener" consists of a root (-slush-) and two suffixes (-a and -tel-), but it does not have a prefix, and the ending in this word will be zero (not formally expressed in letters by letters).
So, to make a correct analysis of the word bycomposition, it is necessary to recall the definition of all the basic minimal meaningful units of the language. The main morpheme, which carries a lexical meaning (that is, it expresses meaning) and is a common part of all the root words.
For example, as such, the nextrelated series: "water", "watery", "submariner", "water" - will act-water. Words without roots in the Russian language does not exist. But there are many of them consisting only of it: "running", "cinema", "very", "horse", "house".
Morpheme, which takes its place in the wordbefore the root, is called a prefix, and the suffix after it is a suffix. It is understandable that it is impossible to come up with a token that will only contain a prefix or only a suffix.
It is necessary to take into account the procedure for determiningmorpheme, making a morphemic analysis of the word by composition. The root, prefix and suffix of linguistic scientists are attributed to word-building morphemes. That is, to those with the help of which new words are formed in the language. In addition to derivational forms, formative ones are distinguished. They exist in order to form a number of forms within a single token, as well as to express grammatical meaning. To this kind of morphemes are the ending and some suffixes.
The ending is a kind of morpheme thatforms different forms of the same word, and is also a grammatical indicator of the genus, number, case, time, etc. It can be distinguished only in the parts of speech that can be changed.
However, it is necessary to distinguish words that do not haveendings, and with a zero ending. As already mentioned, it does not have those word forms that do not change - gerunds, adverbs, indeclinable nouns, adjectives, standing in comparative degree. And the zero ending is a formally not selected indicator of the grammatical meaning of the word being changed. Examples of formative suffixes can be -l-, which is used to form the past tense of verbs (go-ti + suffix -l), -e-, by which degrees of comparison are produced for adverbs and adjectives (loud - louder).
And finally, the word has a basis - all of itcomponents without endings. Going beyond the school curriculum, you can define the basis as part of the lexeme, not only without ending, but without form-building suffixes.
It is necessary to take into account the order of definition of morphemes, making the analysis of the word by composition. Examples of morphemic analysis:
"forest"
"employees"
Thus, summing up the topic "Analysiswords by composition ", it should be noted that only following a certain order: to find the ending (if it exists), to indicate the basis, to establish where the root (by selecting the root words), to select the suffix, the prefix (if any), it is possible not to admit errors.
