Exact calculation of the thickness of the foundation plate

Tape foundation is a concrete reinforcedbasis for any structure. It is poured along the necessary perimeter and can have from one to several tapes to which the bearing walls will be installed. But it is possible that only one perimeter exists. Such a foundation ensures uniform dispersal of a considerable mass of the structure along the surface of the earth. A calculation of the thickness of the foundation plate must necessarily take place, since a very thin plate can not withstand the mass of the house.

Basic types of foundations

The strip foundation, depending on the material used for its laying, is of three main types:

• stone, which includes such subtypes as brick, butch and half-berth;
• Reinforced concrete, subdivided in turn into lapping and prefabricated;
• wood.

Calculation of the thickness of the foundation plate of each of these types is done individually, and its algorithm can not be applied in all cases in the same way.

Basic subtypes of foundations

There are the following subtypes of foundations.

1. Cement and soil. Designed for lightweight construction, usually uninhabited. Ideal for gazebos and small warehouses. Its installation is possible only on a firm and level platform.
2. Sandy. Also designed for buildings with a low weight. It can be used for panel sheds and small country houses. For residential buildings can not be used.
3. The mixed type.A brick tape with a foot or foot-concrete base is a type of foundation. The plate, the calculation of the thickness of which is precisely verified, is already stronger. It is possible to use this type of foundation for building summer cottages with summer living.
4. Brick.Installation of such a foundation is carried out only on a solid and dry ground. Excess moisture can lead to the destruction of the brick foundation and disrupt the integrity of the building. For this type of foundation, clay iron ore is used. Usually it is red.
5. Butovy. Ideally suited for mounting on abrasive soils. It is usually laid in shallow depths. Quarry stone is of natural origin and great strength.
6. Butobetonic.Installation of this type of foundation is done by laying stones of small diameter, which are then poured with concrete solution. Before the beginning of the installation it is necessary to have a formwork. Butobetonny foundation is similar to the monolithic type. The difference is only in the use of a large aggregate, that is, stones.
7. Monolithic.The installation is carried out in the presence of formwork. The required area is installed armature, which is then concreted using a special solution. It turns out a fairly solid foundation. A monolithic slab, the calculation of the thickness and depth of which are important moments when pouring this type of support, is stable, if done correctly.
8. Reinforced concrete prefabricated.Similar to the device with a monolithic foundation. The only difference is that a reinforced concrete prefabricated foundation is produced at the plant, then it is only exported to the construction site. This type of foundation, in turn, is divided into two subtypes: pillow blocks, which are stacked to the very first level of the foundation, and FBS blocks that are installed on top of the pillow blocks in two or three rows.

Special application of reinforced concrete prefabricated foundation

The erection of reinforced concrete prefabricated typethe foundation is possible only with the use of a construction crane, since the FBS blocks and cushion blocks have a very high weight and the average person can not lift them. It is usually used to build large buildings that have a significant weight and imply a solid foundation. A plate, the calculation of the thickness of which requires great accuracy, should be made only of quality material.

Four constructions of foundations

All subtypes of foundations are divided into four main types, which differ in their design and materials used.

1. The pile.A universal design, but very difficult to install. It is used on various types of soil, as well as for large differences in the altitude of the terrain, where it is impossible to apply the foundations of other structures.
2. Columnar. It is located pointwise along the perimeter of bearing walls. Its use is recommended only on a stable area of ​​soil, the difference of which is a maximum of 5 degrees.
3. Plate, or solid.It is a slab whose function is to distribute the bulk of the structure to the foundation. A monolithic plate, the calculation of the thickness of which must be very precise, determines the main load-carrying capacity, namely, increases the pressure on strong areas, removing weight from the weaker ones.
4. Monolithic. It looks like a continuous fill tape. The depth of occurrence is divided into shallow and buried, which depends on the level of general freezing of the ground and the main drop in the area.

Calculation of the thickness of the foundation under the house

Calculation of the thickness of the basement under the house shouldproduce, based on data on the freezing of soil on the site. Do not listen to the advice of close people and especially neighbors, that they so poured the foundation and that the house normally stands. It will not lead to anything good. Although the plots can be very near, the soil on each of them will be different. Have you ever wondered why the neighbors have small potatoes, but you have a large one, at least watered and fertilized it equally? This is a simple proof of the presence of different soil in nearby areas.

Calculation formula

Calculation of the thickness of the foundation plate, depending onload is produced by the following formula: S> γn · F / (γc · R0), where γc is the value of the main operating conditions; γn - usually equal to 1,2 - reliability value; F - total weight on the basis, enclosed in the sum of the mass of the house, foundation and other loads; R0 - soil resistance under the perimeter of the foundation; S - the area of ​​the perimeter of the foundation, usually measured in square centimeters. It must be remembered that to build even the smallest and lightest house, it is necessary to calculate the thickness of the foundation plate.

Tips for preparing the site

There are several basic tips for preparing for the installation of the foundation. If they are fulfilled, the support for the house will last a long time and will not require major reconstruction.

1. First, before starting the installation, it is necessaryget rid of the top vegetative layer of the soil. With the help of this, you will be able to level the site for the construction of the house and remove the general slope of the terrain, if any.
2. Secondly, it is necessary to ensure uninterrupteddrainage system. Usually, for this purpose, trenches with a depth of about 50-70 centimeters are excavated along the perimeter of the entire site. Such a measure will avoid stagnation of water and, therefore, premature destruction of the foundation from moisture.
3. Thirdly, on a flat site, the excavation is installed. It is important to remember that any type of foundation is installed on a dense sand pillow.
4. Further accurate calculations of the thickness of the foundation plate are made. This will save you from buying unnecessary materials and spending money.

Conclusion

The choice of the appropriate type of foundation will depend onfrom the type of soil and its bias. The use, for example, of a monolithic type in a swampy terrain will be a stupid step, since the foundation can be heavily buried and simply fall apart from water. Calculation of the thickness of the base plate, perhaps, can be considered one of the most important moments in its erection. The second such moment is the high quality of building materials used for installation. It is better not to save on them.