November 27 in 1701, Sweden was born Anders Celsius. In the future, this boy was destined to become a great scientist. He made far more than one discovery.
Father Anders, Niels Celsius, as well as his two grandfatherswere professors. Many other relatives of the future scientist also lived a science. So, his own uncle along the line of his father, Olof Celsius, was a famous botanist, orientalist, geologist and historian. It is not surprising that the boy not only inherited the gift, but also followed in the footsteps of his ancestors.
In 1730 Anders Celsius became a professorastronomy and mathematics at Uppsala University. His student was Johan Wallerius himself, professor of medicine, naturalist, chemist, from the pen of which there was more than one scientific work. For 14 years Celsius worked at the university. And in April 1744 he died of tuberculosis. It happened in his hometown.
It was this man who created the famous scale fortemperature measurement. A few years later she received his name. In addition, in honor of the scientist called the asteroid. And Christer Fuglesang (Swedish astronaut) took part in the special mission of Celsius. Today in Sweden there are several streets that bear the name of the scientist. They are located in such cities as:
Thanks to the measurement system created by CelsiusHe forever immortalized his name. For more than 300 years, mankind has been using its discovery. Today the degree of Celsius is included in the International System of Units.
In the middle of the 17th century, Dutch andEnglish physicists suggested using water boiling and melting ice as the starting points of temperature reading. However, this idea did not take root. And only in 1742 Anders Celsius decided to modify it and developed its own temperature scale. True, it was originally:
And only after the death of the scientist the scale was turned upside down.As a result, 0 degrees turned into a freezing point of water, and 100 degrees - to the point of its boiling. A few years later, a chemist in his scientific treatise called such a scale "Celsius". Since that time she received such a name.
The idea of knowing the exact dimensions of the entire globe inThe 18th century was the idea of fix. To do this, scientists needed to know exactly what the length of one degree of meridian at the pole and at the equator is equal to. To get at least to some pole, at that time a good outfit was required. Such technologies did not exist yet. Therefore, Celsius, concerned about this issue, decided to conduct his calculations and studies in Lapland. It was the northernmost part of Sweden.
All measurements of Anders Celsius produced together withPL Moro de Maupertuis. The same expedition was arranged to Ecuador, to the equator. After the research, the scientist compared the testimony. It turned out that Newton in his assumptions was absolutely right. The earth is an ellipsoid, which is slightly flattened directly in the region of the poles.
Throughout his life Anders Celsius was interested in the uniquea natural phenomenon - the northern lights. He was always struck by his power, beauty, scale. He described about 300 observations of this phenomenon. Among them were not only his ideas about what he saw, but also those of others.
It was Celsius who first thought about the nature of thisan unusual phenomenon. He drew attention to the fact that the intensity of the northern lights depends to a large extent on the deviations of the compass needle. So, this is somehow connected with the Earth's magnetism. He was right. Only his theory was confirmed by his descendants.
In 1741, the scientist founded UppsalaObservatory. Today it is the oldest such institution in all of Sweden. It was headed by Anders Celsius himself. Interesting facts in science were discovered in the walls of this astronomical observatory. Celsius himself here measured the brightness of various stars, AJ Angstrom conducted his optical and physical experiments here, and K. Angstrem investigated solar radiation.
Anders Celsius is an ingenious scientist who has done a lot for the world of science. Today, its discoveries are enjoyed by all of humanity. And every day every one of us hears his name.
