The main functions of lipids, their importance for the overall metabolism

Lipids are complex compounds in whichwhose composition includes higher fatty acids and esters. They do not dissolve in water, but only in organic solvents. The main functions of fats are structural and regulatory, as well as providing the body with energy.

The structural role of lipids is thatthey form the basis of cell membranes. Regulatory functions of lipids - ensuring the permeability of membranes and their receptor apparatus, which allows to act on the cells catecholamine, acetylcholine, as well as insulin and cytokines. In addition, fats provide a colloidal state of cell membranes, their fluidity, as well as the activity of individual enzymes, for example, cytochrome oxidase, guanylate cyclase, ATPase. A particular type of lipids (BAS), which include steroid hormones, leukotrienes and platelet activating factor, is able to regulate the work of not only individual cells, but also tissues and organs.

Functions of lipids include their role in providing the body with energy, which is used to reduce muscle, in the work of internal organs, especially the kidneys and liver, as well as in nervous processes.

It is worth noting that the lipid function is closely relatedwith their structure. Their correct quantitative and qualitative composition ensures the functioning of cells and their activity. For example, membrane phospholipids can affect protein transporters and ion channels, and changes in their work lead to disruption of cell functions and the whole organ.

Fats are vital substances.In addition to the listed functions, they are also involved in thermoregulation, since heat conducts poorly. That is why the subcutaneous fat helps the body to keep warm.

It must also be said that subcutaneous fat hasso it is able to protect internal organs (for example, the kidneys) from mechanical damage, although its excess can adversely affect their work, which is most often observed in violation of lipid metabolism, for example, with obesity.

Catalytic functions of lipids are associated withfat-soluble vitamins, which are part of many enzymes. Fats are also a source of metabolic moisture, because water forms during the oxidation of these substances. They are also included in the secretion of sebaceous glands, which prevents excessive dryness of the skin.

Given the important biological role of fats,so that they enter the body in sufficient quantities. A valuable source of these compounds are products of animal origin, fish, nuts, vegetable oil, dairy products and egg yolks.

The exchange of fats in the human body depends onmany factors. In case of violation of one of the data developing units metabolism of various pathological conditions and diseases - obesity, wasting, lipodystrophy or lipidoses. In the pathogenesis of development preferably lie disorders of digestion and absorption of fat, impaired their transmembrane transport, as well as metabolic changes within the cell.

These pathologies are characterized by specific clinical manifestations, violate the general condition of a person and require timely diagnosis and treatment.