The article describes what a road is, what kind of road it is. What is the importance of communications? What old roads have survived to this day?
Since time immemorial, when the firstvillages and cities, people realized the importance of reliable roads. Especially strong need for them appeared with the development of trade relations and military actions, as it was in the Roman Empire.
Initially, all roads were natural.origin and soil, formed during napattyvaniya surface. By the way, these are still preserved throughout the world. However, they became unsuitable when climatic conditions changed (rain, winter). And the movement itself was not so lively before, as in our times: often the roads were corny overgrown. What does the road mean if you refer to the dictionary? What is its meaning, except for ease of movement? When did the first stone roads appear? We will talk about this in the article.
According to encyclopedic terminology, the road is a way of communication for people or transport, which in its mass forms a developed infrastructure.
Naturally, the very first dirt roadscould not survive, about them we do not know. But the number of artificial can be attributed paths found on the territory of modern England and Mesopotamia, their approximate age dates back to the IV millennium BC. er One of the oldest is again found in England, the road, which received the name Sweet Track. It was preserved because it was built by laying down trunks of oak, ash and maple on the ground. Now we know what a road is. By the way, the roads of ancient Moscow were paved with a similar method. As rotting and destruction, superimposed a new layer. There are suggestions that some areas of the city are several meters higher because of this.
The need for reliable message paths has arisen.not just because of the desire to travel easily and fun, not looking at his feet, but because of the development of cart transport. And by the way, examining the question of what a road is, an interesting fact should be mentioned. The width of the Roman roads that were built in Europe was calculated on the battle chariot, and this parameter became decisive for future traffic arteries. Some of them have survived to this day, for example, on the remains of the ancient city of Pompeii.
Nearly two millennia after the invention of the steam engine, such a method of movement as the railroad became widespread.
In the United States in 1830, a little later inRussian Empire began to appear the first railways. In our country, the first line stretched from St. Petersburg to Tsarskoye Selo. But what is the reason for such a costly method of construction?
The thing is that for those times, and todaysimilar roads are considered one of the most reliable. At the beginning of a new era at the first primitive steam locomotives the cost of transporting goods was quite low. Moreover, in conditions where long journeys could only be carried out on carts or ships, the railway route was a real revolution. So now we know what a road is, including an iron one, and what is its importance.
To this day, despite the development of aircommunication and improvement of highways, trains remain an important strategic and economic factor. They are unpretentious in the form of fuel, and if necessary, even old steam locomotives come into action, which can do with coal and water.
There is a railway in all states, and forof a number of underdeveloped ones, it is practically the only way for ordinary people to move around the country and transport goods. And in India, by the way, passengers even climb on the roofs of cars, because of what they often die.
Probably the most famous such road isThe Trans-Siberian Railway, which stretches across our country. She is also the longest in the world. Also worth mentioning is the grandiose construction of the BAM - the Baikal-Amur Mainline.
With the wide development of motor transport at the beginning of XXCentury arose and the need for high-quality and smooth roads. After all, where the horse and the cart could pass, the car could get bogged down in the dirt. Yes, and poor coverage contributed to the rapid wear of engine parts and suspension.
Road strands entangle almost the entire globe, where there is land. But the sea is not a problem, in this case, come to the aid of long bridges.
Roads are also paid:money is collected in order to limit the amount of “extra” transport and constantly maintain the asphalt surface in proper condition, without waiting for municipal repairs.
There is also a division into general-purpose roads and highways. The latter are distinguished by several lanes, the absence of obstacles in the form of tram routes and railway crossings.
