It has long been known that currant is saturated with vitaminsand useful substances. But to get a rich harvest of this berry, you need to know some rules of agricultural technology. It can not be said that a very capricious currant. Growing and caring for this culture does not cause much trouble. It is necessary to carry out some activities depending on the season, and then the plant will please the rich harvest and its beauty. Everything from planting to preparing for wintering will be discussed in this article.
Today, thanks to the work of breeders,many varieties of currants. The latest hybrids are highly resistant to pests and diseases, as well as increased yields. There are three main species of this plant, more familiar to gardeners. It is white, red and black currant. Each of them has a variety of varieties, which differ in the time of maturation and some other features.
This species is more capricious and requires carefulcare. It is represented by a wide assortment of varieties, which differ in pleasant taste. The fruits of culture, as you might guess from the name, are black. Dachnitsa is a high-yielding currant, the cultivation and care of which are quite simple. It has very large berries, juicy and delicious. Among the medium-sized varieties, Vologda, whose sour-sweet berries, Bagheera with large sweet fruits, Yadrenu with sweet and sour berries of large size, the Orel waltz and the Black pearl. Late representatives of this species include Sophia, which has great sweet fruits, and Tatiana's day is a plant with sweet and sour berries of large size.
Red currant is very popular amonggardeners. It does not require careful care, it is simple in breeding and yields a good harvest. Variety Zadunaisky has sweet and sour berries and belongs to the medium-ripened. Here you can also note Jonke ragged aunt, with large and amazing to taste the fruits. To early varieties include Natalie, Sugar, Early Tolmacheva and Early Sweet.
The third species is the white currant.Growing and caring for this bush are carried out in the same way as for the red currant. These two species are very close to each other. Here you can distinguish two main varieties: White grapes, which is very delicious and sweet berries, and white yield, with sweet and sour large fruits, late maturity. Among the many varieties, each gardener can choose the one that most he will have to taste.
Prepare the plants for awakeningbegin early in the spring, after the end of frost. It is during this period that the foundation of the future harvest is laid. What does the currant require? Cultivation and care in spring for this culture - the activities are not complex, but at the same time require certain skills and knowledge. It is necessary to provide the plant with sufficient moisture. During this period, intensive growth begins, for which the drought will be disastrous. Therefore, it is necessary, if possible, to retain thawed water or carry out regular watering. In this period, pruning shrubs and releasing them from old branches is important. They will not be useful, but will interfere with the full development of the plant. Also it is necessary to remove a part of young shoots, leaving some of the strongest. It is very beneficial for the development of currants affected hot shower, which frees the bush from the larvae of pests. Of course, soil loosening and top dressing are of great benefit. These are elementary agricultural techniques, which must be carried out in the beginning of autumn. Growing and caring for currants, of course, are not limited to the listed activities, but this minimum will allow to get a good harvest. Let's talk about this in more detail.
Some believe that you can do without itEvents. But pruning currant bushes is very important. Why? First, every year, if you do not thin the plant, there will be a decline in yield. Secondly, dense thickets - this is an ideal place for reproduction of diseases and pests. Third, the life of the plant without cutting is reduced. If you do not neglect this advice, then for a long time will grow a delicious and fragrant currant. Cultivation and care (pruning, as you already probably understand, is one of the most important stages) should be right - only in this case the culture will please the grower with a plentiful harvest.
This procedure is carried out in the early spring, aftermelting snow. At this moment, the buds have not yet blossomed, and the plant will transfer the pruning painlessly. However, if the moment is missed, and the winter was not very severe, later terms are also acceptable. Then shoots that did not survive wintering will be very well seen. As a result of pruning, old branches are replaced with more productive ones, which increases the life span of the plant. Black currant can yield for five years, and red and white for eight years.
To start, we cut off all the shoots, leavingseveral kidneys. This applies to young plants. For the next year, several strong shoots should be identified, and the rest cut off near the ground. The remaining young twigs cut about a third. For the third year we again leave no more than four root shoots, and the rest we delete under the root. In the future, when the bush is fully formed, it is only necessary to remove old and frozen branches. They differ in the color of the bark and much weaker than the young growth.
Many experienced gardeners have their own tricks, fromthe application of which grows good and yielding currant. Cultivation and care - this is a certain set of procedures that improve the quality of the crop. One of these techniques involves a hot shower. It is carried out at the very beginning of spring, before the leaves are dissolved. To do this, prepare the water, the temperature of which will not be more than 70 degrees. Then from the watering can, the plant is watered abundantly. Hot water allows you to get rid of pests wintering on a bush, without causing harm to the plant itself. This simple procedure is very effective. But do not exceed the set temperature limits, so as not to damage the currant. Cultivation and care (diseases are very harmful to this process, so try not to allow such troubles) will become more productive if you adhere to the above recommendations. Below, we will talk about what to do if we have not succeeded in avoiding the infection of culture, and about preventive measures.
Очень важно провести весной обработку растения от pests. This applies not only to currants, but to all plantings. Diseases and pests significantly reduce the yield and lead to the death of the bush. First of all, when the kidneys begin to bud, it is necessary to check the currant for the presence of a tick. It is very easy to learn this pest. The buds of the infected bush become swollen and have the shape of a head. If the area of damage is small, then remove the damaged kidneys and pour them with boiling water to prevent the spread of the pest. If the currant is damaged completely, then it is better to remove this bush.
In the early spring, when the snow melts, you cantreat the currant with nitrafen. This will be an excellent prevention of the development of diseases and the appearance of pests. After the appearance of leaves and buds, the shrub is sprayed with carbophos. Particular attention should be paid to currant flowers. They should not be deformed and have terry edges. If they are infected, then their color becomes bluish. Such a bush will not bear fruit, the ovary simply disappears. There are no methods of fighting this disease, therefore it is necessary simply to uproot the infected plant. Very often on the currant occurs powdery mildew. It appears due to excess moisture and improper irrigation. To protect the culture from this disease, it is necessary to treat it with a solution of laundry soap and soda ash. Spraying is carried out twice, with an interval of a week. For 10 liters of water, you need to take 50 grams of each substance.
Наибольшего внимания к себе требует черная currant. Growing and caring for this plant is slightly different from the activities performed on other species. This culture belongs to moisture-loving. Blackcurrant loves well lit areas. Well-hydrated, understated, well-lit areas that are protected from the wind can be an ideal place for landing. However, too wetlands are not suitable for breeding this plant. In such conditions, there is a high risk of various diseases and pests. This variety of currant does not tolerate acidic soil. Therefore, a year before planting, it is necessary to add 0.5 kilograms of lime per square meter of land and dig the soil. For the rest, agrotechnology does not differ from the cultivation of other berry bushes. It is necessary to remember the pruning that black currant needs. Growing and caring for this plant are the same as for other varieties.
These two varieties are most popular.White and red currants, the cultivation and care of which require less effort from gardeners, have a more powerful and deep root system. The period of their productivity is longer than that of black currant. When planting plants should be made into the hole compost, superphosphate and potassium chloride. But this should be done with care so that the roots do not come into contact with fertilizers. These plants also love the sun and moisture. Once every three years, fertilizer must be applied and pruned annually.
What else does currants require?Cultivation and care in the garden is a big job, but at the same time it is also an opportunity to get a rich harvest of juicy, tasty berries. To do this, use all cultivation methods. In the spring, it is necessary to fill the soil under bushes with ash and mineral fertilizers. We introduce these two components in a small amount, and then slightly loosen the soil. It is not necessary to dig up the ground to a greater depth, because this can damage the roots, which are not very deep in the currant. Then lay out a layer of rotted organic matter, mulch. It will protect the plant throughout the season from pests preserved in the soil and from drought. Mulching will provide the shrub with additional feeding and will not allow the weeds to break through.
Currant - moisture-loving plant.Its roots are not very deeply located, and it cannot provide itself with a sufficient amount of moisture due to groundwater. Therefore, watering is so important for good growth and future harvest. The lack of moisture affects the size of the fruit and their quantity. At the same time frequent watering does not require currants. Cultivation and care in farms have shown that it is simply a good soil moisture during certain periods that is mandatory. As a rule, this spring is a time of growth and formation of ovaries (approximately May and early June). Next comes the process of maturation, in which it is impossible to allow the soil to dry out. It is about June. Finally, harvest time is in August and September, depending on the variety. During these periods it is especially important that the plant gets enough moisture. If autumn is not characterized by an abundance of precipitation, then prewinter water should be carried out in October. In any case, it should be well moisten the earth to a depth of about 30-40 centimeters. Under each bush should be poured about 3-5 buckets of water.
After harvesting a good harvest is necessarytake care of the plant itself and do everything so that the next year you will be pleased with currants again. Cultivation and care in the fall are in the following events. First, the shrub needs to be fed. During the flowering, growth and fruiting currants spent a lot of effort that needs to be replenished, in addition, it is useful to make a supply of useful substances, so necessary for the culture for an excellent wintering. For fertilizing use any fertilizer designed for this. Autumn is re-pruning. It is necessary to remove the side branches that have grown over the summer. Young shoots at the base can not be touched, as this is a pledge of the future harvest. In late autumn, you can slightly sprinkle the base of the bush with earth. You can use for this fallen snow. Currant belongs to cold-resistant plants, but additional care does not hurt. With a little effort and doing all the necessary activities, we can confidently expect a good harvest next year.
