Technology of construction of the foundation on the basis of the piledesign is considered one of the most reliable and practical. It can be attributed to universal, since the flexibility of the system and the variety of approaches to the technical implementation of the framework meet the requirements of a wide range of buildings. Among them are residential buildings, industrial buildings, communication facilities and other facilities. However, to achieve the reliability of the pile structure, it is necessary to accurately determine the parameters of the bookmark. In the list of the most important of them, specialists note the distance between the piles of the foundation, which can vary depending on a number of building characteristics and construction conditions.
Pile construction can be represented asset of load-bearing elements and grillage. Support elements may differ in material and installation method. For example, today practiced the use of driven and screw piles. To determine the distance between the piles in the pile foundation, it is necessary to take into account the allowable depth, production material and other parameters of bearing products - this is how the number of elements and the pitch between them are calculated. Equally important is the function of the grillage, which provides a bundle of separate supports. It can be implemented in different types and designs, but, as a rule, the device of this component is entirely dependent on the technology of introduction and strengthening of piles.
Usually engineers are focused on property accounting.soil and the estimated mass of the future structure - in the aggregate, this information allows you to lay the optimal pile-screw foundation. The distance between the piles at the same time can be calculated based on their number. To determine how many supporting elements will be needed, you should know the load level and the total load-bearing capacity of the structure. In particular, a pile can withstand about 2 tons, while the weight of a house's construction can amount to tens of tons. This is followed by the layout of the piles throughout the area. In some cases, the load is uneven, so the location of the piles is not always correct from a geometric point of view.
Construction practice in Russian conditionsset the minimum distance when laying the pile-screw foundation: it is 1.7 m on the usual ground. At the same time in each pair should be left a gap (not less than 0.5 m) of the whole layer of soil, that is, the area on which no land works were carried out. This measure will prevent the undesirable influence of the land foundation on the pile foundation.
The distance between the piles in the maximum value for one-story objects is:
As it can be seen, light wooden constructions require less dense arrangement of piles, nevertheless, if a 2-storey building is planned, then the step can be reduced.
Distance between driving support elementssuggests a universal calculation formula. The main parameter here is the diameter of the pile. It is important to divide the design of this type into two categories: hanging and racks. In the first case, the minimum distance will be the diameter value multiplied by three. Maximum involves multiplying the pile diameter by six.
Racks are arranged with minimal pitchthe value of which is one and a half times its diameter. It is noteworthy that the pile foundation, the distance between the piles of which is reduced to a minimum, does not always win in reliability. The fact is that the bush (frequent) method of placing the supports creates an undesirable effect in the form of an increase in the draft. Therefore, it is recommended to always consider the possibility of translating the loads on the piles in a single configuration.
Despite the development of common rules based onwhich compiles a method for calculating the distance between piles, each case involves a huge amount of nuances. In this regard, engineers begin to follow the simple rule: designate the maximum limit of the number of piles and rationally distribute them over the entire area, taking into account the loads.
В зависимости от проекта, для которого planned pile foundation, the distance between the piles may be reduced or increased. For example, if the plan provides for an internal supporting wall with overlap loading on the sides, then there is a sense in a 30 percent reduction in the pitch between the supporting elements.
The increase in distance is also not coarse.an error if technical precautions are foreseen. In such cases, additional installation of foundation beams is usually required. It is difficult to say what can justify an increase in the distance, since such a correction will hardly make the pile-foundation foundation more reliable. The distance between the piles, which increases due to economy, is also not justified. At least for the reason that additional reinforcement will cost more than an “extra”, but constructively justified series of foundation piles.
Помимо дистанции между сваями, имеет значение и the way they are organized. The choice of a particular configuration depends on the actual loads. There are several options for the placement of supports on the foundation site: individually, in a row, in the form of various geometric shapes and in the form of a solid field on which a pile foundation is formed. The distance between the piles in each case is guided by the general rules of calculation, but can be adjusted.
Наиболее распространены свайные ленты (рядная configuration), solid piles and "bush" dense ways of bearing arrangement. The technique of installing elements in a row is used to support the walls of buildings - this is the usual way to build a foundation for residential buildings. Point for structures that require intensive loads, the method of pile "bushes" is recommended. The device of a solid field is designed to support the heaviest structures and structures. In this case, the piles are distributed evenly and are united by a monolithic grillage with a strong sole.
