Endometrium is the inner layer of the uterus, the membrane that feeds it through its own blood vessels.
Endometrium can change, and these changes can be both pathological and physiological. With changes in the endometrium, the norm is determined based on certain conditions.
Эндометрий состоит из двух слоев:The first layer is represented by epithelial cells, and the second layer consists of glandular cells. Under the layer of the endometrium is located the muscular membrane, or myometrium, from which the blood vessels leave, spreading blood throughout the endometrium.
The normal thickness of the endometrium depends on the day of the cycle. The closer to the day of ovulation, the greater the thickness of the endometrium becomes: the norm for the 14th day of the cycle is 13-14 mm.
Every day there are cyclical changesendometrium, which normally indicate normal reproductive health of a woman. A healthy woman every month rejects the upper layer of the endometrium, which causes menstrual bleeding. By the end of menstruation, the upper layer completely flakes, and the endometrium becomes quite thin.
The time when the thickness of the endometrium reaches its maximum volume is the next few days after ovulation. At this time, the endometrium is ready to receive a fertilized egg.
But often women face pathologicalchanges in the endometrium, the norm of the thickness of its layer is much distorted. With glandular hyperplasia, the endometrium is significantly hypertrophied, which often leads to intermenstrual bleeding. The thickness of the endometrium can reach 20 mm.
With hyperplasia, the endometrium cells proliferate. In some cases (5-15%), hyperplasia turns into endometrial cancer.
Causes of endometrial hyperplasia
В результате гормональных нарушений может develop endometrial hyperplasia. In this case, the thickness of the endometrium, whose norm should not exceed 14 mm, significantly increases. Hyperplasia is characteristic of cystically altered ovaries.
Also, the appearance of hyperplasia affects the amount of hormones produced by the body of a woman, namely estrogens. With an elevated level of estrogen, there is no ovulation.
Symptoms of hyperplasia:
1.After a regular delay in menstruation, uterine bleeding occurs. They appear in the form of prolonged bleeding, but with moderate blood loss, or vice versa - a great deal of blood loss may occur in a few days.
2. Spotting between menstruation.
3. Primary or secondary infertility.
4. Irregular menstruation.
Treatment of endometrial hyperplasia
Since hyperplasia is a hormonaldisease, then the treatment should be hormonal drugs. The main goal of treatment is to prevent uterine bleeding. If the risk of hyperplasia into a cancer was identified during the examination, the treatment is performed by a gynecologist-oncologist.
If certain signs are found, you should urgently consult a doctor who will prescribe the treatment in time, which will reduce the risk of complications.
