What is hyperkinesis? Types of disease, treatment. Hyperkinesis in children

Hyperkinesis is a very serious disease,which manifests itself in the form of spontaneous tics, movements and convulsions of certain muscle groups that a person cannot control. There are many varieties of conditions presented. Despite the fact that it is hardly possible to completely cure the pathology, therapy should be carried out in order to facilitate the patient's life.

Characteristics of pathology

It should be noted that hyperkinesis istwitching not only of the arms and legs, but also of the shoulders, eyelids, muscles of the face and the whole body in a complex. A feature of the disease is that it can significantly limit the movement of a person, disrupt his gait, and make self-care impossible.

Spontaneous movements are usuallyunnatural. The disease can be congenital or acquired. The lesion is the thalamus, cerebellum, midbrain. Movement may also occur due to poor connection between the cortex and subcortex of the brain. It should be noted that the manifestations of pathology are amplified by an emotional outburst, while in a dream the intensity of movements is inhibited. And the symptomatology of the disease does not depend on the localization of the process. That is, even with damage to the same part of the brain, the symptoms can be different. As for the severity of the pathology, it depends on how extensive the affected area is.

Causes of the disease

Hyperkinesis is a complex pathology that can be triggered by many factors. Among the causes of the disease can be identified such:

- organic and tumor lesions of the brain;

- encephalitis (rheumatic, epidemic, tick-borne);

- head injury;

- severe intoxication of the body and damage to its systems (lymphatic, vascular);

- hemorrhages in the brain;

- epilepsy;

- heredity;

- medical preparations.

Hyperkinesis is a disease that in some cases occurs due to the malfunctioning of the peripheral nervous system.

Symptoms of hyperkinesis

In principle, it is more than obvious. Although each type of this disease has its own specific characteristics. However, there are common symptoms:

- arbitrary movements of the arms, legs or other parts of the body;

- during walking, other movement, emotional or nervous tension, manifestations of pathology intensify;

- pronounced trembling of the body or its parts;

- there is the possibility of reducing the intensity or complete cessation of the attack by means of pain, change of posture;

- lack of cramps, tics and trembling during the period of rest (sleep).

If hyperkinesis is diagnosed, symptoms will help determine its type and prescribe appropriate therapy.

Features of the development of pathology in children

A tick is most often diagnosed in a childhyperkinesis. Naturally, its manifestations may be different. It should be noted that the movements of body parts during an attack do not differ by any unnaturalness, but their feature is involuntary. The most common form of pathology is a tic of the muscles of the face, which manifests itself in frequent blinking of the eyelids, sniffing, smacking and the appearance of a grin.

No less often, hyperkinesis in children is manifested by tics of the arms and legs. Sometimes pathology can manifest itself in a complex in the uncontrolled involuntary movement of muscles throughout the body.

The cause of the manifestation of the disease in babies is alsothere may be brain damage. However, infectious processes in the body, fear, nervous tension, emotional, psychological or physical trauma are also not excluded. It should be noted that those movements that the child repeats too often, even if they are involuntary, will soon become a habit and may occur already in adulthood. Naturally, pathology requires serious intervention by pediatricians, neurologists, psychologists.

Hyperkinesis in children needs to be treated after the onsetthe first symptoms. For this, doctors can prescribe sedatives. In addition, the child should be protected from stress, nervous situations. Try to walk with him as much as possible in the fresh air, observe the daily routine. Organize your baby full nutrition. Do not scold, punish or shame the baby because of his problems. Try to be patient and surround him with love, care and your support.

Diagnosis of pathology

In order to find out what type of hyperkinesis you are dealing with, you need to undergo a comprehensive examination, which includes the passage of such procedures:

- electrocardiogram;

- Ultrasound of all major and other large blood vessels, capillaroscopy;

- neurological and somatic examination;

- electroencephalogram;

- examination by a psychologist using various diagnostic techniques;

- consultation of a rehabilitologist who will determine how much the vascular system is ready to adapt to emotional and physical stress.

Types of Hyperkinesis

There are many types of involuntary movements,which are classified according to the localization of the lesion, clinical manifestations, duration of attacks, their frequency, emotional support. There are several large groups of hyperkinesis, which, in turn, can be divided into subspecies:

1. Tiki.They are characterized by involuntary and stereotypic movements that are not unnatural. Strengthening the tick occurs due to emotional excitement. After distraction from the stimulus, the attack disappears.

2. Tremor. It is characterized by trembling of the whole body or its parts. Most often, the disease manifests itself in small movements of the head, hands and fingers.

3. Choreic hyperkinesis.It manifests itself in the fact that a person's legs and arms twitch at the same time, and the movements are very choppy, chaotic. Poses are not natural. Rheumatism, as well as hereditary-degenerative pathologies, can provoke this situation.

4. Facial blepharospasm, paraspasm and hemispasm. This type of pathology is represented by smooth or sharp twitches of the facial muscles.

5. Torsion spasm. Movements with it are arrhythmic, tonic, unnatural. In this case, the person has a restriction in movement and self-care.

These types of hyperkinesis are basic and can be divided into many subspecies.

Treatment of pathology

The elimination of pathology is performed usingmedicines and physiotherapeutic procedures. As for drugs, the most commonly used drugs are "Phenazepam", "Romparkin", "Triftazin", "Dinezin", "Haloperidol". Naturally, medicines are also needed that will contribute to the normal circulation and nutrition of the brain.

An important element of treatment is a diet thatshould include vegetables, fruits, meat, fish and other products filled with elements important to the body. The patient should take relaxing baths, undergo physiotherapy exercises. Orthopedic services may also be required.

In especially severe cases, surgery is used.

Forecast

If you are diagnosed with hyperkinesis, treatmentshould be done in courses with breaks between them. As for any forecasts, with appropriate therapy, the patient can lead a completely normal life. Properly prescribed medications help reduce the number and intensity of seizures. Although the disease can not always be eliminated completely.