Recently, children have oftendiagnose a disease like osteomyelitis. This is a purulent-necrotic process of an infectious nature, which develops in the bones, the surrounding soft tissues, the bone marrow. This pathology is caused by bacteria that produce pus. If this disease becomes chronic, then the probability of bone deformity of the unformed skeleton of a child is high.
Osteomyelitis in children is most often affected by the shin,thigh, jaw joints, humerus, vertebra. To protect the baby from the onset of adverse effects of this disease, it is necessary to limit the range of factors that cause such pathology.
This disease is more likely to affect boys thangirls. This is due to the fact that they are much more mobile. In addition, odontogenic osteomyelitis in children is also found mainly in boys, as the cause of its development are injuries to the skeleton of the jaw, which can be obtained in fights or when falling.
Often enough causediseases in children are such foci of purulent infection as impetigo, otitis media, pyelonephritis, boils, burns, wounds. Also, the development of osteomyelitis leads to abscesses, dental caries, purulent tonsillitis, tonsillitis.
Penetrating into the body through damage to the skin,mucous membrane or lymphoid pharyngeal ring, the infection begins to spread through the circulatory system. Most often the causative agent of osteomyelitis is considered Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, which is found in 80% of cases. In the remaining 20% of patients, pathology is caused by streptococci, E. coli, Salmonella, Pfeiffer wand. The bacterium enters the body of infants through the umbilical wound.
Not in all cases the bone is the focusthe occurrence of inflammation. An infection can spread to it from surrounding organs or soft tissues. It is quite possible and the opposite situation, when the bone marrow first occurs, and only then the surrounding tissue.
This pathology can manifest itself in different ways.depending on the age of the child, his immunity and the affected bone area. In newborns and children a little older, the disease affects their overall well-being. The child becomes sluggish, he has a nervous anxiety, appetite disappears, high fever rises, pallor appears. Often the pathological condition is accompanied by diarrhea and vomiting.
If you watch a child, you can seethat he begins to take care of his limb, tries not to touch her or move her. The skin of the affected joint is often reddened. After a few days, the redness and swelling begin to increase. If you do not immediately begin treatment, purulent metastases will occur all over your body.
Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in children moreolder is more pronounced. The development of inflammation is much slower, and redness and swelling begin to appear only a week after the onset of the disease. If you do not start treatment in time, an intermuscular phlegmon may occur, which means that the inflammatory process gradually spreads to the surrounding soft tissue. In this case, surgical intervention is unavoidable. In intermuscular phlegmon, an improvement in the child’s condition may be observed at first, but it is deceptive. Osteomyelitis in children can cause such terrible complications as purulent arthritis and sepsis.
Острая форма заболевания у детей через некоторое time becomes chronic, the lack of treatment of which is fatal. Therefore, it is important to timely diagnose this pathology and begin its treatment.
This type of pathology has its own characteristics.Pus starts to stand out from the gums and canals of the teeth, and the soft tissues of the face swell. The skin and mucous membrane are pale and dry, high temperature rises, chills and general weakness appear. In young children there are convulsions, vomiting, indigestion. This indicates that the central nervous system is beginning to get irritated, as a strong intoxication of the body develops. Odontogenic osteomyelitis of the jaw in children is protracted.
This form of pathology is primary andsecondary. The latter is characterized by remissions and exacerbations alternating with each other. During remission, the child does not complain about anything, but when the exacerbation begins, there is an increase in temperature, pain appears on palpation. Perhaps the opening of the fistula with the formation of pus. Such periods can last for years, affecting the kidneys, liver and heart.
Chronic osteomyelitis in children of the primary typeproceeds without an acute phase, and the onset of the disease has blurred symptoms. Minor soreness does not have a clear localization. Most often, parents bring their children to the hospital only when there is an increase in pain or symptoms appear.
It is very important to correctly diagnose this disease, as it strongly resembles rheumatism, purulent arthritis, Ewing's sarcoma with its symptoms.
В самом начале своего развития остеомиелит кости children have symptoms that may cause the doctor suspicion of the formation of a malignant infection. Only the correct diagnosis contributes to competent treatment, which guarantees a successful prognosis.
If there is such a pathology as osteomyelitis (of children), treatment should take place with the participation of a pediatrician, a radiologist and other specialists. Most often, antibiotics are prescribed for this and an operation is performed.
Antibiotics should be used as much as possible.earlier. First, a loading dose of these medicines is given to the child in order to stop the inflammation. Most often, penicillin preparations are prescribed for this purpose. Take antibiotics should be long, sometimes a course of treatment can last for three months. The dose must be reduced gradually. At the same time, the child should be given drugs for thrush, because antibiotics destroy the microflora. Sometimes surgery may be necessary. In this case, an abscess is opened, pus is removed and the canal is washed. The operation is quite fast using local anesthesia. Sometimes doctors put drainage to remove fluid.
The main treatment for odontogenic osteomyelitis issurgery, which involves removing the tooth, which is the source of infection. Under general anesthesia, subperiosteal abscesses are dissected. Pus seeding is carried out to determine the sensitivity of microflora to antibiotics. During surgery, the wound is drained, after which detoxification therapy, antihistamines, antibiotics, calcium supplements, vitamins and non-specific immunomodulators are prescribed. The child should be given to drink as much water as possible and feed him with plant and dairy foods.
Osteomyelitis in children can cause various complications. It can be:
Despite the fact that osteomyelitis in children causesquite serious complications, modern medicine is able to successfully treat this terrible disease, guaranteeing the most favorable prognosis. According to statistics, deaths every year is becoming less. Parents should be more attentive to the health of their children, ensure that they do not get an infection in their injuries and wounds, and consult a doctor promptly.
