Для россиян с давних времен картофель стал вторым bread. Without this culture, our table is incomplete. To ensure friendly shoots and further rich harvest of tubers, you need to take care of planting material. Consider several options for how to sprout potatoes faster, which methods are used for processing tubers, as well as the requirements for the room where they are stored.
If to consider a tuber, then on its smoothsurface can be seen eyes. From them sprouts appear. Potatoes before planting pass careful selection and special preparation. Before you get acquainted with the options for processing planting material, let's talk a little about the most popular varieties of this crop. There are types that are suitable for frying, for making mashed potatoes and chips. There are large varieties, such as potatoes Impala, Giant and others. By maturity distinguish early, mid-early, mid-ripening, late.
Once harvested, it is necessarytake care to select the best quality tubers for seed. They should be sorted by weight, size. For planting you need to choose tubers, the size of which does not exceed the size of the chicken eggs. Try to avoid specimens that are affected by pests, have signs of disease, or are wounded during digging. Thus, it is necessary to select potatoes for planting, devoid of any defects. Otherwise it will not be stored. Before planting, the tubers need one more careful revision. At the same time, those that have signs of frostbite, spoiled by pests, suffocated during storage, are affected by rotten, are ugly, are rejected. Only healthy tubers can provide an increase in yield of up to thirty-six percent and reduce the time from planting to digging potatoes by ten or fourteen days.
For storing potatoes after harvestit is necessary to prepare a dry and cool place. The temperature should be maintained no higher than 4 degrees. It can be pretreated with chemicals that prevent the development of mold and bacteria. As a rule, planting material is collected in wooden boxes and set them in the cellars, stacked. The room is equipped with fluorescent lamps.
О том, как правильно проращивать картофель, могут tell experienced gardeners, gardeners or farmers involved in breeding this crop. First of all, after long-term storage in a cool place, the seed must be transferred to another room where there is diffused sunlight and the temperature is higher. If you have not stored wooden boxes for their storage, you can replace them with another container. For example, plastic bags. They definitely need to make holes with a diameter of 1.2-1.5 cm for breathing tubers. Each bag should contain from four to five kilograms of potatoes. This method is suitable for tubers, which have not yet sprouted shoots. They appear after 25-30 days. Before germinating potatoes for planting, the tubers must “wake up”. Sprouts that have reached 2-3 centimeters will do. If both strong and weak shoots develop on one tuber, then it is better to remove the thread-like shoots or discard such a tuber. He will not provide a high yield. To make potatoes grow faster, they can create a temperature shock. It can be from 18 to 20 degrees of heat. In the rest of the period it is reduced to 10-14 degrees. If germination takes place in conditions close to home, then room temperature will contribute to delaying the process of germination. They will arise only after 35-40 days.
Recommend potatoes before planting cut intoparts. It is most often used for large tubers. If the potato is in weight from 160 to 200 grams, then it is enough to cut it into four pieces. On each of the pieces (weighing 40 grams) must necessarily be one or two eyes. This operation can be performed a week before landing or a month and a half. During cutting, the knife must be sterilized in Lysol solution or in ashes. At the site of the cut a protective film is formed. This approach helps to solve several problems at once. Maternal tuber, which serves to develop a new plant, rots faster, more stems appear, and as a result more crops are harvested.
Light Effect on Tubers - Most Effectivea way to sprout potatoes for planting and to ensure a high yield in the future. Seed material poured into one layer in boxes and put on the street, under a canopy. On top of them you need to cover the film, which will ensure the safety of moisture and heat. So they are kept for two weeks. Under the action of the scattered rays of the sun, many shoots appear that reach from three to five millimeters. Chlorophyll begins to accumulate in the tubers, they turn green. This process helps to strengthen the root system and the foliage development of the future plant. Sprouts appear with many small leaves and strongly rooted. They do not break off when landing.
So how to germinate potatoes before plantingit is necessary for increase of productivity, you should not bypass attention and process of processing of a landing material special fertilizers and structures. The method of soaking tubers in a solution of superphosphate and ammonium nitrate is very effective. They take four kilograms per hundred liters of water, stirred. Then the tubers are dipped in the resulting solution and left for three hours. Such treatment contributes to the emergence of sprouts, early plant development, the formation of powerful bushes and increased yields. Before planting, the tubers are soaked for one hour. Seed material that is germinated in the light, sprayed with the same solution for 1-2 days before planting. After that, it is recommended to cover the film. If the boxes stand in the open, then it can be black to protect it from the sun. Apply and the drug PP "Fitop-Flora-S". It’s pretty simple to figure out how to sprout potatoes with it. Before landing on the site you need to dig a groove. In it lay a film and sprinkle potatoes. Then it needs to be sprayed with fertilizer, cover with a film on top and leave for an hour and a half. This treatment helps to strengthen the immune system of tubers. It is possible to increase the time of soaking the seed material until germination.
Another effective way to germinatepotatoes for planting, - use wet sawdust. They can be replaced with peat, humus or chopped moss. Wet substrate poured into wooden boxes. Its thickness should not be more than five centimeters. Seed material is laid on top of it. Tubers at the same time have close to each other, with eyes directed upwards. Then the potatoes are covered with another layer of substrate. In conclusion, it is necessary to make mineral fertilizers. To prepare the solution will require ten liters of water, 60 grams of superphosphate, 20 grams of potassium chloride, 30 grams of ammonium nitrate. This method allows you to germinate tubers within 15-20 days. In the room where the seed is stored, the temperature must be maintained from + 15 to +20 ° C. After two weeks, a good root system will develop. Here is another effective method for sprouting potatoes for planting: they are recommended to make cuts on tubers. They will stimulate the appearance of sprouts. They are performed in two ways. An incision is made either across the tuber, while leaving a small jumper of 1 centimeter, or around the ring to a depth of 1.5 centimeters. This method allows you to redistribute the beneficial substances coming to the eyes. The result of this operation will be the emergence of a large number of sprouts. And they are distributed evenly over the tuber.
