Gorchak creeping (pink) - perennial plantfamily of Astrovs, which has a reputation as an extremely dangerous weed. Gradually capturing the territory on which he settled, the gorchak displaces his cultural neighbors, significantly reduces their yield, as well as the quality of the soil. This is a real thunderstorm of agricultural lands and gardens, with the emergence of which are struggling in many countries. In Russia, gorchak belongs to a group of quarantine objects, the spread of which is controlled by special control.
In English-language sources this weed is enoughoften occurs under the name "Russian knapweed" (russian knapweed). And indeed, outwardly the bitter creeper, the photo of which can be considered below, is very similar to some types of cornflowers. Usually the plant reaches a height of up to 75 cm. Its branching stems with numerous oblong leaves are crowned with dark pink flower baskets, blossoming in July and blooming until August.
Gorchak creeping - a plant is enoughunpretentious. It loves warmth and light, very resistant to drought. Its roots can sprout to a depth of more than 10 meters and feed on moisture, which is not available to other plants. In addition, this weed perfectly tolerates soil compaction and accumulation in it of harmful salts: carbonates, chlorides, sulfates. The only thing that the bitter bit does not like is the soil gulf, so it does not grow on rice fields.
The homeland of gorchak is Central Asia.From there he landed on the North American continent, gradually spreading to the territories of Canada and the United States of America. The plant was also brought to Europe - the centers of its growth are on the territory of Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Poland, Germany and other countries. Weird weed even got to Australia! The only mainland, where today the bitter is not found, is Africa. In Russia it occurs mainly in the southern and southeastern regions, most often in the steppe zone. It grows on cultivated and uncultivated land, in meadows, in orchards, pastures and settlements.
Weed has a powerful root, which is aVertical rhizomes, from which grow horizontal shoots. It multiplies both by seeds and vegetatively - through the development of rhizomes and root shoots. For a year, one plant can spread to a territory of up to six square meters. Growth bitter creeping curtains, that is dense thickets - from a few tens to hundreds of stems per 1 square meter.
Due to its root system, the gorchak hasproperty to absorb from the soil in a few (two to five) times more nutrients than other plants. Many cultures are hard to resist the onslaught of a gluttonous neighbor - the soil is dried up and becomes unsuitable for growth. Therefore, developing, the bitter takes from 50 to 80% of the territory, displacing other species.
In addition, the plant is poisonous!Its roots are phenol derivatives, which accumulate in the soil and contribute to the deterioration of crop growth. The above-ground parts of the bitter extract organic substances that inhibit the development of neighboring plants. Even if the crops manage to bear fruit next to this weed, the quality of the products obtained deteriorates sharply. For example, if in the crop of grain seeds of bitterness occur in the amount of 0.01% by weight, the flour produced from such raw materials will turn out to be of low quality because of bitterness.
The toxins in the weed make itUnsuitable and dangerous for animal nutrition. Milk cows, in whose food got the bitter, gets a bitter taste. And for the life of horses, the bitter creeper can be a threat!
Горчак заслуженно считается одним из самых difficult-to-recover weed plants, since it has the ability to wait for a period of unfavorable conditions at rest. When the soil is drained or the area where the bitter grows has been plowed, its ground parts are destroyed, as well as the roots located directly under the ground. However, deeper roots retain their ability to live for several years, and when the normal conditions return, the plant begins to actively revive.
Земледельцы бьют тревогу и считают, что горчак can pose a threat not only to food, but also environmental security. It is very difficult to fight against it, so task # 1 is to prevent its occurrence and spread. One of the ways of clogging the soil with bitter is to get its seeds together with the seeds of cultivated plants, so it is important to sow the soil with clean material. To this end, the Rosselkhoznadzor experts, in the framework of phytosanitary control, conduct inspections of grain and seeds transported and imported to Russia for the presence of a bitter seed.
However,always, therefore periodically there are new territories, clogged by this plant. The detected focus should be localized, and subsequently completely exterminated within its limits, the bitter creeper. Measures to combat it are different: agrotechnical, biological and chemical. These include soil plowing and pruning of the root system, as well as cultivation of certain crops in the contaminated area. It is often necessary to resort to the use of chemicals that are sprayed in a contaminated area. However, the key to success is the integrated application of the above methods!
Из сказанного выше понятно, что в одиночку to resist this weed is extremely difficult. What can a man do if he finds in his garden this ill-fated plant? The struggle with the bitter creeper in the country site includes a number of activities that should be carried out in the complex. Single copies must be removed manually, including underground parts. If there are thickets of bitter, they must be completely mown before flowering. Before preparing the soil for sowing, it must be carefully plowed, cutting the roots of the plant as deep as possible. The same is recommended in late autumn. If the site is not yet mastered, it is better to do the procedure several times. Cropped roots should be selected and destroyed. However, it is possible that the above measures will not be enough and soon the bitter will again begin to attack the site.
The whole thing is repeatedly mentioned roota system that allows the weed to regenerate even after 3-4 years. In order to completely defeat the creeping bitter, it is additionally recommended to use chemicals - the herbicides "Roundup" and "Hurricane". They are best treated in a warm and dry, but overcast autumn evening, when the entire harvest is already gathered. The method of application is quite simple and comes down to spraying the stems with a solution of the drug. In more detail it is described in the instruction to a specific herbicide. Probably, for the complete destruction of a harmful plant, the treatment with chemicals will have to be repeated several times.
In conclusion, we recall that the bitter - quarantineweed, and when it is discovered, it is necessary to inform the local department of the Rosselkhoznadzor! For failure to comply with this requirement, established by law, you can get a fine - this applies to both legal entities and ordinary citizens!
