Many private property owners are engaged inhome improvement issues on their own. One of the important stages of construction or repair in a cottage or in the country is to create a staircase to the second floor with your own hands. This object should be built in accordance with existing regulations. Only in this case the ladder will be durable and safe.
There is a certain technique how to build a ladder. All the intricacies of this process will help to understand the advice of experts. The method of building the stairs will be discussed in detail below.
Лестницы на второй этаж своими руками (фото presented below) can be erected in different ways. The object can be assembled from a ready-made kit, which is purchased in specialized companies. This greatly simplifies the construction process. Such option of arrangement of a ladder optimum will be suitable for the beginning master. Also, if the owners of the house do not have enough free time to carry out construction work, they can assemble a complete set.
Finished designs are distinguished by highfunctionality. They are designed in accordance with all safety regulations and building codes. However, the choice of design of such structures is limited. If the owners want to build a truly exclusive staircase, it is recommended to make all its elements on their own.
В этом случае потребуется произвести правильный calculation and make a plan of construction. Otherwise, such an object can become traumatic, short-lived. Its operation will not differ comfort.
In the process of making the stairs to the second floorwith your own hands you need to take into account and fulfill the requirements regarding not only its practicality, but also aesthetics. This object should harmoniously complement the existing interior. Therefore, the ladder is created from different materials. Its decoration is performed in different styles. It can be simple, concise, or have different curlicues, decorations.
To choose the right staircase design, you needtake into account the style of the interior, as well as the dimensions of the room, the location of this design in the room. Planning is an obligatory stage of building a staircase in a private house.
A straight spiral staircase with your own hands on the second floor has a number of mandatory structural elements. Secondary objects may be added to them. Most often they serve as decorations.
Mandatory elements of the stairs aresteps and supports (support steps). These are the most basic parts of the design. The steps consist of two components - a vertical and a horizontal plane. Without the first part of the stage can do in some cases. It is called the riser. The horizontal plane of the steps is called the foot. Podstedenok is her support.
The support of a ladder can be in the form of a bowstring or kosoura. The first option supports steps from the ends, and the second - from the bottom.
Also one of the important design elementsare railing. They may not be present on all stairs. However, their presence increases the comfort and safety of movement on steps. If the house has kids or old people, the presence of the railing is mandatory. Balusters are called vertical railing supports. They perform both functional and decorative function.
There are specific design elements.They are used in order to build a staircase to the second floor with their own hands. For example, for a screw design, you will need to build a rack. The steps are fixed on it with a certain step, spiraling upwards.
In some cases, the stage is supported by the Bolza. These are bolts that fasten to the wall. They are used for special designs of stairs.
Create a staircase of the second floor do it yourselfmade of wood or metal can have a different design. The choice depends on the preferences of the owners of the house, as well as the characteristics of the room. One of the most common types is the main staircase. It includes one or more straight inclined planes with steps.
This is one of the most comfortable types of construction.The disadvantage of the flight of stairs is the need for a sufficient amount of free space. If the house is small, this design will look cumbersome and inappropriate. There are certain standards for the creation of such a structure.
If the ladder includes two or three marches, theymust have at least 3 and no more than 15 steps. Otherwise, it will not be convenient to move around them. The average number of steps per march is 9-11 pieces. Between marches equip small spans.
The stairs do it yourself to the second floor (wood,metal) can be made without risers if the steps cannot be of sufficient width. Steps at the same time can be fixed both on kosourah, and on a bowstring. They are made of boards with a thickness of about 60-70 mm or special metal profiles.
If you plan to make a flight of stairs with one span, but the number of steps will be more than 9, it is recommended to build a small separation platform in the center. This will make the structure stronger.
Make a staircase with your own hands on the second floorit is quite possible on boltsa This type of fastening is quite durable and looks aesthetically pleasing. The word "bolz" comes from the German word bolzen. It is translated as "bolt".
This fastener is represented as a pin withthread at the ends. With the help of these clips, the steps and structural elements are fastened together. Bolzas crash into the wall. This type of construction allows you to make the stairs visually easier. It looks airy, which allows it to blend harmoniously into the existing interior.
In this design there are no risers.The staircase on the bridge will harmoniously fit into the interior of both spacious and small rooms. Properly mounted ladder on the bolez is very strong and durable.
Made by the presented technologymetal or wooden stairs with their own hands on the second floor can not be installed in the center of the room. It should be mounted next to the wall. Bolza cut into the wall. Without this, such a structure cannot be assembled.
At the same time to the wall put forward increased demands.It should be made of a dense, durable material. It is impossible to install bolza on the drywall partition. Such ladders are most often delivered in finished form. They can only be assembled and installed on the prepared site. It will be rather difficult to calculate such a construction independently.
Wooden, forged or metal stairs tothe second floor with your own hands can be done by screw technology. Such design can be mounted in any part of the room. It does not require binding to the wall.
It is worth saying that the spiral staircase is differentdesign complexity. However, it has many advantages. This design takes up little space in the room. Therefore, it can be installed even in a small room. It can become a central decorative object of the interior. This staircase is quite beautiful and can be made in different styles.
The disadvantage of the spiral staircase is itslow level of comfort. On it you can not quickly go down. If necessary, lower or raise the dimensional furniture to the second floor in the presence of a spiral staircase is impossible.
For a private house most often choosea design that incorporates a rack. It can be made of metal or wood. The choice depends on the features of the interior. It should be noted that the wooden staircase to the second floor can be mounted on a metal support with its own hands. It is stronger and more durable. However, in the presence of metal steps wooden support is not used.
The construction is quite simple.The rack must be firmly fixed on the base of the floor in the room and on the ceiling of the second floor. Then steps are mounted to it with a certain distance. Their narrow edge is adjacent to the rack. The end of the steps should be wide enough. Otherwise, it will be inconvenient to move along such stairs.
A spiral staircase must have a railing. They should rely on balusters. Material for them is chosen in accordance with the overall design of the structure.
Before you create a screw orother type, it is necessary to make the correct calculation. The staircase to the second floor with its own hands in this case will be mounted correctly. It is necessary to take into account the dimensions of the opening. The smaller they are, the steeper the stairs will be.
To perform the calculation, you need to select the appropriateplot in the room. Its geometric center is determined. A rack will be installed here. From the center of the rack to the end of the width of the opening in the ceiling, the distance is measured. It will correspond to the length of the steps.
To make it so convenient to walk on such stairsmake a tread with a width of at least 20 cm (in the middle). In the widest place, such a step should be about 42 cm. The easiest way to independently create such a structure is from wood, if you have the skills to work with such material.
You need to choose high-quality material, conductits proper handling. If the master does not have the skills to work with wood, he should entrust the job of installing the stairs to a professional. Otherwise, this design may be unsafe.
If the master has a welding machine and is able to themto use, he can construct a ladder to the second floor with his own hands from metal. All elements of the design will need to create their own (if possible) or purchase in a specialized store. The second option is preferable. According to experts, working with wood is easier. However, more durable structures are obtained when using metal.
To make the stairs to the second floor your ownhands, you need to consider the requirements of standards. In this case, the design will be safe and functional. You need to correctly determine the level of the slope of the stairs. Also calculate the number of steps and their dimensions.
If the staircase does not adjoin the two walls, you needinstall the railing. Their height is about 80-85 cm. If there are children in the house, balusters should not be farther apart than at a distance of 10-12 cm.
Width should be from 20 to 30 cm.In this case, the stairs will be comfortable to move. Their number must be odd. Studies have shown that this design is more convenient to navigate.
Ladder must withstand high loads, notless than 350 kg / m². At the same time, the tread coating material cannot be slippery. You need to choose materials that have a raised surface. Fastening structures and all its elements must be rigid. Stacking of stairs, railings, etc. is not allowed.
Stairs must not have an elevation angle greater than 45º.The width of the span should be 85 cm. The standard is the width of the span of 1-1.2 m. It is advisable to make platforms on the span. This makes the design less traumatic. In this case, you need to use only high-quality, durable materials. Do not use fasteners, parts of structures with defects.
To create a staircase to the second floor with your ownhands, the dimensions of the structure must be calculated in advance. This is a mandatory requirement when installing such an object. The easiest way to create a ladder on kosourah. To perform the calculation, you need to measure the height of the room. The length of the wall is measured, near which a staircase will be installed.
Next, make a plan on paper.The values obtained during the measurements indicate the scale on the plan. Next you need to draw a triangle. His hypotenuse will be the surface of the stairs with steps. The legs are the amount of lift and the length of the floor. The angle of the structure is determined. It should not exceed 45º. If the staircase is flatter, it will take more space in the room.
Next, determine the number of steps.This indicator is determined by dividing the length of the leg of the floor by the amount of steps entered (minimum 20 cm). The number of steps is marked on the plan. The height of the risers should be 10-12 cm. To calculate them, you need to divide the height of the total lift by the standard height of the risers. So the size of the kosour is calculated. Also on the plan you need to specify the width of the stairs.
These ladders are almost always madedo it yourself from wood. Metal structures are purchased in finished form. They need only be properly welded or fixed with bolted connections.
Staircase to the second floor do it yourself most oftenmade of wood. It is necessary to make all its elements correctly. To do this, you need to properly prepare a plan. In accordance with the drawing on the material transfer all the details of the design. It is important to choose the right wood. It must be qualitatively dried, be sufficiently strong and thick.
It is very important to make a correct kosour.From this will depend on the strength of the structure. For kosoura need to prepare a solid array without cracks, knots or defects. The thickness of this structural element must be at least 45-50 mm. Entries can be 1.5 cm wider than the space reserved for them on kosourah.
Doing is made from durable wood.It needs to be polished with high quality. The edges must be rounded. The thickness of the boards is at least 3 cm. The risers must also be made neat. They do not need a board of large thickness. They will only support tread. The thickness of the boards can be in this case 2 cm.
Balusters create in accordance with the plan and the selected design. They can be purchased with attachments. In the presence of a machine for wood processing balusters can be made independently.
The railing is made of high quality material. It should not be defective. The surface must be perfectly treated and polished. Do not make a railing with a rough surface.
After manufacture or purchase of all partsstairs to the second floor with their own hands can be assembled and installed. This is the most important part of the work. First set the kosouri. They are fixed on the floor in the support bar. At the top of the beam cut out under them notches. Anchoring bolts are used for fixing. The position of the kosour is checked using a level.
Сначала монтируют подступенки.Only after that you can set the gait. For fixing used screws. Fixation of the risers and acts carried out in the complex. You need to move upwards.
At each step mounts balusters. If there are small children in the house, then two supports should be installed on each step. From above lay the railing. They are fixed on the lower and upper support column.
When the whole system is assembled, it is processedusing a sanding machine or sandpaper. Wood is impregnated with antiseptic compounds. Further, the surface can be varnished in several layers. When the surfaces are dry, the structure will be ready for use.
Having considered how to create a staircase to the second floor with your own hands, you can build it in accordance with all building codes and regulations.
