Согласитесь, не все из нас могут с уверенностью say that they know how to play chess well. Most people are familiar only with how the figures move, with their names and with the order in which they stand. But chess is one of the most interesting games. It is difficult enough to guess where this or that move can lead you, and who will win. Many of those who are far from this exciting game, and novice players ask: "Is it true that professional chess players know practically all foreign moves and can predict the actions of the enemy?" Do not be surprised, but it's really so. In chess, debuts are tactics and strategies, in which you can predict the actions of an opponent in advance.
В шахматах дебюты появились больше двух сотен лет back. And in the XIX century they already became high art. At that time chess was a very popular game, they occupied an honorable place among other competitions. Then a large number of championships were held, they were given much more attention than in our time. And the grandmasters devoted a lot of time to creating strategies that allowed them to win with a minimum of losses. Imagine, long before the computers appeared, you could calculate the game for five, or at most ten moves! You, probably, are wondering, about how the invention of the computer influenced the game of chess. A huge breakthrough was made, as it became possible to calculate the most complicated algorithms and tasks. It was with the help of a computer in chess that debuts helped to calculate moves even for twenty transitions. It makes the game predictable, does not it? Unfortunately, using these automatic calculations has done its job, turning the mind game into a mechanical one - you can foresee what your opponent will do, and you will always know how best to go.
The main principles of debuts.
Существуют дебюты в шахматах за белых и черных - for example, the "Scottish Party". This option attracts the player by the fact that he chooses the direction of the fight. In this case, black figures have to adapt to tactics. What are the debuts? We list.
Довольно часто не различают полузакрытый и closed debut, combining them into one - closed. To the same category can be attributed and flank. In addition, all debuts are divided by correctness. So, they can be right and wrong. It should also be remembered that the debuts in chess for the 1st category are somewhat different from the others.
It was in the twentieth century that active development begandebuts, absolutely new beginnings were created. In the second half of this century, the study of tactics essentially boiled down to thinking about some variants that arose in already familiar principles. At the end of the century Mark Taimanov said: "... chess theory develops half-steps somewhere between 20 and 25 moves. No new strategy, no new ideas, no new systems ... ". Due to the fact that debuts developed in chess for several centuries, powerful computers and high-quality programs appeared, unfortunately, tactics in themselves ceased to be the most creative part of the game. Virtually all the existing options have been thoroughly analyzed. Today, as already mentioned, miscalculation reaches 15-20 move, and maybe even further.
Because of this thoroughness of the requirements for the gamebecome very serious. Therefore, all novice players must know the basic options for debuts. A professional in our day is impossible to play without them. He should have a huge set of debuts, plus also carefully work them out. Because of this, most chess players are critical of debuts. They believe that the initial stage of the party is "monstrously compiled". Resentment is caused by the fact that in the stage of debut there is almost no place for the art of chess. It is believed that tactics and strategies are not the most difficult thing in chess. Most players, even beginners, thanks to the knowledge of the main debuts, can fight at an equal level with the enemy stronger than them. Fischer chess is called a way of avoiding the problems of studying tactics, since it is impossible to memorize the variants in them because of the random position of the figures at the beginning of the game.
But all novice players must learndebuts. Without them, they will not represent any interest for the enemy, even if they possess certain skills. In modern times, debuts are very popular in chess, and therefore it makes no sense to think about their meaning and advantages. That's why in order to learn how to play, you just need to study them. And some should even be learned - there is a high probability that you will need them on the game board.
