At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the world was slightly shaken.The rapid growth of industrial production, the hardening of capitalism with its rigid and pragmatic attitude toward life, towards man, turned the minds of people, intensified the contradictions between the habitual unhurried ideals of the century and the spontaneous turbulence of the coming century. And however difficult it was to accept these new laws of life, no matter how difficult it was to part with the familiar and sweet, the changes were inevitable, and the first response to them arose in the minds of creative people, who felt the most acute sense of the new time.
In 1909, in Italy, Tommaso Marinetti releasedthe manifesto of the Futurists - a new trend in art, the main idea of which was the complete denial of all the established principles of creating works of art. And if any avant-garde trend in art and literature began with the rejection of canons and traditions, then futurism especially succeeded in this, because it was extremely extreme. Marinetti's main task in the new direction was the daily desecration of the altar of the arts and asserted, as priorities, force, aggression, movement and destruction.
In Russia, the beginning of XX century confusion was great,the artists were looking for new forms of expressing difficult times, so any emerging direction in art immediately found a gracious response, and futurism was no exception. Even on the contrary, futurism in literature and painting became widespread in Russia. Many famous writers and poets who later entered the history of culture (V. Mayakovsky, I. Severyanin, V. Khlebnikov, D. Burliuk, B. Pasternak) began as members of numerous futuristic circles, with program theses and numerous manifestos proclaiming the principles of the new Art directions were much more important to them than the artistic work itself. Cubist-futurists, ego-futurists, scientists and suprematists, as well as all-out and all-overs struck the public's imagination not only with their harsh statements about traditional art, but also with their unusual creativity, as well as very eccentric antics. Many of them were very good "producers" of themselves. They not only created new art, but also very successfully presented it to the public, earning good money from it. The main methods for self-presentation were public scandals, causing appearance and behavior. They attracted public interest to themselves with epatage, the public very willingly came to exhibitions and literary evenings, giving a lot of money for an entrance ticket.
In Russia, a new avant-garde flow has foundreflected mainly in poetry. Futurism in literature is clearly manifested in the new word creation, phonetics of sound, unusual syntactic constructions. The word for the new poets lost its usual semantic and lexical meaning, it turned into plastic material from sounds, with the help of which it was possible to "sculpt" any design, create new, completely unusual combinations, where the meaning was far from important, or rather, different meanings. Thus, futurism in literature tried to create a new language, democratic and massive, consonant with modern changes in society, understandable to all and accepted by all.
A new direction in art is not onlyShe tried to comprehend and convey the complex phenomena occurring around, but also to transform the world itself, create time. Futurism in literature was distinguished by quite unusual experiments related to the color images of sounds and words. Thus, each vowel and consonant sound was assigned a specific color match. Combining them in their poems, the futurists created with the help of words figurative color canvases, thereby trying to convey a certain mood.
Futurism in literature is closely intertwined with othertypes of art. This trend has become quite widespread in painting, and some futurist poets were very original painters, such as V. Mayakovsky, V. Khlebnikov, V. Kamensky, and others. Futurism in painting, as in literature, appeared in vivid experiments. Moreover, painters K. Malevich, P. Filonov, and others, with the help of brushes and paints, were able to more effectively and visually express on canvas what the poets aspired to in their literary works.
Futurism is rebellion, denialtraditional art and an attempt to create a new, future-oriented. These are experiments with word and sound, the search for new syntactic and semantic constructions that are democratic, understandable to the masses and capable of expressing complex transformations in the society of the early twentieth century.
