There is an opinion that painting in impressionismoccupies not such an important place. But impressionism in painting - on the contrary. The statement is very paradoxical and contradictory. But this is only a first, superficial glance.
Perhaps that for all the millennia of existence inArsenal of mankind artistic fine art nothing more new, revolutionary has not appeared. Impressionism is in any modern artistic canvas. It can be clearly seen in the frames of the film of the celebrated master, and among the gloss of the ladies' magazine. He got into music and books. But once it was all different.
In 1901 in France, in the cave of Comrerel,Rock paintings were accidentally discovered, the youngest of which was 15,000 years old. And it was the first impressionism in painting. Because the primitive artist did not set out to read the moral of the viewer. He simply painted the life that surrounded him.
And then this method was forgotten for many, many years. Humanity has invented other verbal means of communication. And the transfer of emotions by the visual method has ceased to be topical for him.
In some ways the ancient Romans were close to impressionism. But some of their efforts were covered with ashes. And there, where Vesuvius did not reach, the barbarians came.
The painting was preserved, but began to illustrate.texts, messages, messages, knowledge. She has ceased to be a feeling. She became a parable, an explanation, a story. Look at the tapestry from Bayeux. He is beautiful and priceless. But this is not a picture. This is seventy meters of flaxseed comics.
Slowly and stately developed painting in the worldover the millennia. New paints and techniques appeared. Artists have learned the importance of perspective and the power of the impact of a colorful drawing message on the human mind. Painting became an academic science and acquired all the features of monumental art. She became clumsy, prim and moderately pretentious. At the same time, refined and unshakable, as the canonical religious postulate.
Источником сюжетов для картин служили религиозные parables, literature, staged genre scenes. Smears were small, imperceptible. Gassing was introduced to the rank of dogma. And the art of drawing in the foreseeable future promised to stiffen, like a primeval forest.
Life has changed, technology is rapidlyevolved, and only artists continued to stamp out prim portraits and smoothed sketches of suburban parks. This situation did not suit everyone. But the inertia of the consciousness of society was overcome with difficulty at all times.
However, the XIX century was already outside the court, long agoover the second half. Processes in society, which used to take place before the century, now took place in front of one generation. Industry, medicine, economics, literature, and society itself were rapidly developing. It was then that painting itself manifested itself in impressionism.
Impressionism in painting, like paintings, has an exact dating of its birth - 1863. And his birth was not without curiosities.
The center of world art then certainly wasParis. It annually held large Parisian salons - world exhibitions and sales of paintings. The jury, which selected works for salons, was bogged down in petty internal intrigues, useless squabbles and obstinately focused on the senile tastes of the then academies. As a result, new, bright artists whose talent did not correspond to the stiffened academic dogmas did not get into the exhibition. When selecting exhibitors in 1863, over 60% of applications were rejected. These are thousands of painters. There was a scandal.
And the scandal broke out.Inability to exhibit deprived of livelihood and closed access to the general public to a huge number of artists. Among them are the names now known throughout the world: Monet and Manet, Renoir and Pissarro.
It is clear that this did not suit them.And there was a big noise in the press. So much so, that on April 20, 1893, the Paris Salon was visited by Napoleon III and, in addition to the exposition, he purposefully examined some of the rejected works. And I did not find anything wrong in them. And even made this statement in the press. And therefore, parallel to the large Paris Salon, an alternative exhibition of paintings with works rejected by the jury of the salon was opened. She entered the story under the name "Exhibition of the Rejected."
Так, 20 апреля 1863 года можно считать днем the birth of all modern art. Art, which has become independent of literature, music and religion. Moreover: painting itself began to dictate its conditions to writers and composers, for the first time getting rid of subordinate roles.
When we talk about impressionism, thenwe mean first of all impressionism in painting. Its representatives are numerous and multifaceted. Suffice it to name the most famous: Degas, Renoing, Manet, Monet, Pissarro, Cezanne, Morisot, Lepic, Legros, Gauguin, Renoir, Tilo, Foren and many, many others. The Impressionists for the first time set the task to catch not just a static picture from life, but to snatch a feeling, an emotion, an inner experience. It was an instant cut, high-speed photograph of the inner world of the emotional world.
Hence new contrasts and colors, not yetapplied in painting. Hence, large, bold strokes and the constant search for new forms. No past clarity and lickiness. The picture is blurred and fleeting, like a person's mood. This is not a story. These are the feelings visible to the eye. Look at the paintings of the Impressionists. They are all a bit torn off in mid-sentence, slightly fleeting. These are not pictures. These are sketches brought to ingenious perfection.
It is the desire to bring to the fore the feelingand not a frozen temporary fragment, and it was for that time revolutionary, innovative. And it was then that there was only one step left to post-impressionism - the flow of art, which didn’t take emotion, but regularities, to the first roles. More precisely, the transfer by the artist of his inner, personal reality. This is an attempt to tell not about the outside world, but about the inside by how the artist sees the world. This is a painting of perception.
Impressionism and post-impressionism in paintingvery close. And the division itself is very conditional. Both currents are close in time, and the authors themselves, often the same, as a rule, passed from one manner to another completely freely.
And yet.Look at the work of the Impressionists. Slightly unnatural colors. The world, familiar to us, but at the same time, a bit invented. This is how the artist saw him. He does not give us nature that is modern to him. He just bare his soul for us a little. The soul of Bonnard and Toulouse-Lautrec. Van Gogh and Denis. Gauguin and Sulfur.
The experience of impressionism, which captured the whole world,did not leave aside Russia. Meanwhile, in our country, accustomed to a more regular life, not understanding the hustle and bustle of Paris, impressionism could not get rid of academicity. He is exactly a bird that has taken off at takeoff, but frozen half way into the sky.
Impressionism in Russian painting did not receive the dynamism of the French brush. But he acquired a dressed semantic dominant, which made him a bright, somewhat isolated phenomenon in world art.
Impressionism is a feeling expressed in the form of a painting. He does not bring up, does not require. He claims.
Impressionism served as the starting point formodernism and expressionism, constructivism and avant-garde. All modern art, in fact, began its report from the distant April 20, 1863. Painting in impressionism - art, born in Paris.
