Long gone are the days when the whole planet wasone big nature reserve. Mankind has done its best and redrawed the Earth in its own way, it tweaked it. And the further, the more valuable for us are pristine, pristine corners, where for many thousands of years nothing has changed ...
On the territory of the Russian Federation of such corners,Fortunately, a lot has been preserved. They attract the attention of tourists and are carefully protected by the state. There are hundreds of them, and each is unique in his own way. The most famous reserves in Russia:
It is about this place that we will tell in ourarticle. The names of reserves from the above list are mostly familiar to Russians and not only. These places are popular tourist sites, and many tourists were happy to visit them.
The situation is somewhat different with Ubsunurbasin, located on the border of the Republic of Tyva (Russia) and the Mongolian People’s Republic. This reserve is a real gem of the planet, a place of the rarest beauty, only not everybody can reach it. After all, the pond from prying eyes reliably hides the "sink" of mountain ranges ... But only those who managed to get here can say that they have seen everything in life!
Убсунурская котловина шокирует даже искушенных travelers. Its versatility simply does not fit in the head. Blinding sun, endless blue overhead, dune desert, a golden ring engulfed the lake. On the shore of the lake - lush thickets of reeds. Wormwood steppes around the desert, and above - mountains with alpine meadows and forests. Crystal streams flow down from above. The ridges enclose the space, and it seems to the person below that he has fallen into some kind of magic box with jewels.
Заповедник "Убсунурская котловина" поистине is unique. Every sane person will probably wonder: how can there be mountains, steppes, deserts, and lakes in one place ?! But the fact of this is the uniqueness of the Ubsunur hollow, that it combines many different ecosystems and is a “collection” of almost all natural areas of a temperate climate. Here they are adjacent to each other: sandy and clayey deserts, dry and high-grass steppes, forest-steppe, deciduous and cedar forests, dry and wetland bald peaks and tundras.
And this whole “parade of landscapes”, this whole model of the globe - in a relatively small area!
The reserve "Ubsunurskaya hollow" hid in the very heart of the Asian continent.The chalice, surrounded by mountains, stretched for 600 kilometers in length and 150 wide. At its bottom (in the western part) there is a fairly large (80 kilometers by 70 kilometers) Lake Ubsu-Nur, which probably gave its name to the basin. Scientists claim that it was once a piece of the sea. The water in the lake remains salty to this day, despite the fact that all mountain rivers of the hollow flow into Ubsu-Nur.
The Sangilen Highlands, the East and West Tannu-Ola, Bulnay-Nuru and Khan-Khukhey ranges are fenced off from the outside world from various sides of the world. Tsagan-Shibetu, Turgen-Ula and Kharkhir massifs.
The deserts located in the basin are the northernmost in Eurasia, and the “oasis” of permafrost is considered the southernmost on the planet in terms of the plains.
Сегодня Убсунурская котловина – это Республика Tyva, and once she now and then became the battlefield of the nomadic peoples, who conquered a place for themselves under the sun. Huns, Scythians, Mongols, Turks and other legendary, long gone into oblivion, the tribes passed here. All of them left a memory of themselves in the form of burial grounds, barrows and ritual stones, which harmoniously fit into the local landscape and are of great historical value.
And in peace periods lingering at the bottom of the basinpeople grazed in the steppes and meadows of sheep, built yurts, and the smoke of campfires rose in the bottomless sky ... Thousands of years ago, in hoary antiquity, there was a typical Central Asian climate that has survived to this day.
Inaccessible location Ubsunurhollow makes it mysterious and mysterious even in the eyes of people who live very close. At all times they piled on this unique corner of the legend, parables and myths. One of the most interesting legends that the Republic of Tyva can boast of is the legend of a naive camel. The protagonist of the work loaned his magnificent horse tail so that he could drive away annoying insects. Deer - chic horns for the wedding ceremony ... And so on. And there is a poor man at the top of the mountain, looking out for his debtors, either in the forest or in the steppe ... And they are gone. And no one is going to give anything to a trusting beast.
Not for nothing in one of the most popular legends,associated with this place, it is told about animals. The reserve "Ubsunurskaya hollow" is a unique place with an unforgettable nature. The fauna here is the richest! Lake Ubsu-Nur is home to a fish called the Altai Ottoman. Nowhere else in the world does this species live! And around the lake - reed beds, and in them - a huge number of birds, many of which are listed in the Red Book.
On the plains, among the ancient burial mounds, oftenYou can meet wild camels. Gophers live in the steppe, senostavki, tarbagany and other rodents. Bears and deer roam the forests. And the biggest treasure of the Ubsunur Hollow and the whole Tyva Republic is the snow leopard and musk deer. Rare animals, which have been threatened with extinction for more than one century in a row, are trying to save here.
The unique natural characteristics of Ubsunurhollows make this place extremely attractive in the eyes of scientists. Still would! After all, it is possible to study different types of landscapes and ecosystems without overcoming thousands of kilometers and without wasting valuable time! Many questions will be answered only by the Tyva Republic, whose nature is so diverse. There are very few such places in Russia.
The goal is to create here a state biosphereThe reserve was set up by the Russians for a long time - back in the eighties of the last century. True, the project of the international reserve was first considered - the common brainchild of Russia (then the USSR) and Mongolia. But the lack of a legal framework for such status objects put an end to the dream.
And then the Russian side in 1993 createdreserve "Ubsunurskaya hollow", which is under the auspices of UNESCO. And exactly the same work was done by the Mongols, creating the Ubsunur pool reserve a year later. Formally, the object is divided between two states, and in fact is a single organism, with a common flora, fauna and ecosystem.
Names of nature reserves are common, mandatory.attribute that everyone has. But the symbolism is not for everyone. The reserve, located in the Ubsunur Basin, boasts its own flag, pennant and emblem!
On the flag appear blue, green and blue.stripes (water, earth and sky), as well as rays of scarlet color, symbolizing the sun. The emblem of the reserve speaks of infinity - it is round, with the corresponding symbol inside. From the source of the icon of life "yin" and "yang" in different directions, colored stripes diverge. Each of them is responsible for a particular landscape. Brown-yellow - for the desert and steppe; green - for the taiga; purple-blue - for the tundra, etc. On the pennant there is an emblem, inscriptions, and also a figure of the red deer - a deer with chic horns.
