At the foot of these mountains in the XVI-XVII centuries werelarge deposits of coal were discovered, which later began to be developed. Today, one third of the state's coal is mined here, and water and energy of mountain rivers are also used for industrial purposes. With all this, these territories are the most sparsely populated in the country.
This peculiar mountainous terrain has a name - the Pennine Mountains.
What are they, where are they and what are their features? The answers to these and other questions can be found after reading this article.
The rocks of the mountains are mainly represented by sandstones andlimestone. Here there are deposits of coal and peat bogs. The discovery, as noted above, of coal deposits (including the Yorkshire Coal Basin) was the impetus for the development of areas adjacent to the mountains.
The Pennine mountains are located on their vastterritories a national park called the "Rocky Edge". Geologically, the mountains represent Caledonian folding, formed about 400 million years ago. The glaciers in the Pleistocene, spread from the highlands of Scotland, left a huge amount of moraine accumulations that strongly influenced the formation of the relief.
The largest settlements of the area are Sheffield, Bradford, at the very foot of the mountains - Leeds and Manchester.
The mountains stretch across the territories of the northern counties of Great Britain (about 98%) and South Scotland (about 2%).
These natural structures stretching fromborders with Scotland from north to south almost to Birmingham, are the main watershed of Northern England. Some rivers that originate in the Pennines flow westward and flow into the Irish Sea. These are Ideas, Merzi, Irvel and Ribl. And some rivers carry their water to the east, to the North Sea. These are the rivers Trent, Tyne, Eyre, Tees and Don.
The name of the mountains located in the north of England, comes from the word "penne" (Celtic), translated as "the top, the mountain."
Все топонимы – Пеннинские горы, Пеннинские Альпы, The Apennine mountains and the Pennine mountains in the Carpathians of the west have the same Celtic origin. But Titus of Libya (Roman historian) raises the name to the name of the Celtic deity - Pennine, which is correlated with Mars.
However, one does not contradict one another in the least.After the Romans left Britain (in 470-525 AD), in the so-called Ancient North Pennines existed - an independent Brittish kingdom. Later it was divided into the southern part (more suitable for people's lives) with the name Peak and to the north - Dunaut and Dunoting.
The Pennine mountains are a rocky land, where the mountains are not very high (no more than 900 meters). They separate England north-west from the northeast of the country and Yorkshire.
The length of the mountains, covering an area of 31 thousand square meters.km, is 356 km from north to south, 160 km from west to east. The highest peak is Cross-Fell (893 meters). The peaks of the low mountains are smoothed out, and this is somewhat contrary to the generally accepted name of the Rocky Mountains. They are more like big hills, and yet they are the main watershed and main ridge in Northern England.
The largest cities are only at the footmountains and foothills, and farms with villages are found mostly at the lower slopes - where there are meadows suitable for pasture. Relatively low-key beauty of gray boulders, moss bogs and moorland heath protect the national parks created in these places (there are 3 of them). The zone, especially highlighted for its beauty, is the Northern Pennines.
Winded by the cold winds of the Pennine peaksmountains are devoid of trees, so the terrain is a bit dull sight. The nature here is represented by upland bogs, eagle ferns, tall hard-leaved grasses, mosses, peat bogs, boulders and lichens. Only on the slopes there are few broad-leaved forests.
Погода в горах более дождливая, холодная и vague than in all of England. The habitual northeastern sea climate near the main summit of Cross-Fell and the Tis river is replaced by a subarctic one. In the foothills it is like in all England. Most of the precipitation falls on the northern slopes.
The average January temperature is-1 ° C, July - + 10 ° C. The average annual precipitation is about 1200 mm.
Where Pennine Mountains are, there are beautiful places.
Park "Rocky Land" is the second in the world in terms ofVisiting tourists (22 million people per year). The growth of such popularity of these places was promoted by the proximity to such large cities as Sheffield and Manchester, as well as to the counties of Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Cheshire, South and West Yorkshire, Staffordshire, having convenient transport links.
