Без прилагательных наш язык был бы невыразителен and inemotional. It is this part of speech that is responsible for ensuring that the named objects, faces, phenomena have a detailed description, colors and awaken the imagination.
In the text, adjectives are closely related to the noun and pronoun. This is the secret of how to determine the case of an adjective.
Recall some grammatical characteristicsthis part of speech. It is perfectly consistent with other groups of words and therefore easily changes both the case, and gender, and number. Cases of adjectives are always the same as those of pronouns and nouns with which the word adjective agrees.
Russian language knows six cases.By asking questions to them, we can mentally substitute our own verbs for each. Each of the questions involves an animate object about which you can say "someone", and an inanimate object - "something."
Reliable questions are clear to us. But how to determine the case of an adjective, if the question “what?” Is relevant to this part of speech, and not “what?” Or “who?”?
Adjectives, even if used insentence without a noun or pronoun, still apply to these words. Let's compare two tiny passages: "The stern blizzard of February was running out." / “February was running out. Severe, blizzard. " In the second passage we see a sentence consisting of adjectives. However, we perceive them in the context of the previous sentence and understand that both adjectives refer to the noun “February”, as in the first passage. And the noun, we can easily determine the case on the question: what? - February, nominative n. Consequently, the cases of the adjectives relating to this noun are as follows.
Take another example:"In the autumn garden, there are no fragrant and important peonies, but the eye rejoices at the luxurious asters and dahlias." Using the consistency of adjectives with nouns, we will not have difficulty with how to determine the case of the adjective in each case. Select the phrase "adjective + noun", then ask the noun question:
We can conclude that the adjective“Autumn” is in the prepositional case, the words “fragrant and important” are in the genitive, and the word “luxurious” is in the dative case. In the same exact scheme, one can indicate the case of adjectives in the sentence “Gentle chime of blue bells and modest looks of touching daisies - these are the main signs of my rural summer”. Let us now pay attention to how the question that we ask to the adjective in each case changes:
It will help to consider the cases of adjectives table in which we present the same adjective in combination with a pronoun and a noun.
| I.p. | (what?) is it, dress (what?) elegant | (who?) me, man (what?) reasonable |
| Rp | (what?) him, dress (what?) fancy | (who?) me, human (what?) reasonable |
| DP | (what?) him, dress (what?) well-dressed | (to whom?) to me, to the person (to what?) reasonable |
| Vp | (what?) his dress (what?) elegant | (who?) me, human (what?) reasonable |
| Tp | (what?) him, dress (how?) elegant | (by whom?) by me, by man (by what?) reasonable |
| Pp | (o / in what?) o / in it, o / in a dress (what?) well-dressed | (about / in whom?) about / in me, about / in the person (what?) reasonable |
We can notice that in adjectives,characterizing an animated object, the question sounds the same in the nominative and accusative cases, while for adjectives that relate to an animated object, the questions are similar in the genitive and accusative cases.
Nouns and adjectives in the accusativeThe case describes objects that are supposed to be influenced by someone. Then the sentence has or implies the source from which the action is directed. It can be expressed by words from the group of nouns and pronouns in the nominative case, as well as verbs. Examples: “The counselors allowed the children to play (in what?) In mobile (in what?) Outdoor games”. "He told about (what?) Far (about what?) Countries." "Do not shoot (in what?) At defenseless (at whom?) Birds." "The athletes have created (what?) Great (what?) Conditions for training."
Words that end in singular on thand in the plural on s (sheep - sheep), keep in the singular before the end of the soft sign in all cases, except for the nominative and accusative:
We figured out how to determine the case of an adjective:by the case of the word to which this adjective refers. We also reviewed some difficult spelling cases of adjectives in various case forms.
