In the Russian language, many words vary in cases. What is it? A case is a variable morphological feature of parts of speech associated with a change in the shape of a word.
In Russian, six cases, each of themhas its meaning. To determine the case, for example, nouns, you must ask the appropriate question. One of the cases, the fifth in this series, is called the atomic.
Уже название этого падежа говорит о его значении:an object, means or instrument that they create, they do something - for example, to chop with an ax, draw with a brush, flooded with rain. Questions that answer the words in this case: "Who? What?" In some cases, you can ask adverbial questions. Another distinctive feature of the other is the instrumental case - endings: -th (s), th (s), th (unit), -s, (s) of nouns, -th (s), s (s) (units), s (s) (pl.) in adjectives and ordinal numbers.
The instrumental case has different meanings, for example:
- indicates the time at which the action takes place or the state manifests itself: to sunbathe in the afternoon, to harvest in the autumn;
- points to the tool or tool, the instrument by which the action is performed: eat with a spoon, dig with a shovel;
- the meaning of the method and mode of action; shows a qualitative, defining characteristic of the action: run at a gallop, sing with a bass, stand with your back, walk in small steps;
- the instrumental case can have the value of comparing an action with the quality of an object or image: pouring a wall, flying lightning;
- an indication of the place where the action takes place: swim by the sea, go through the forest;
- the instrumental case can have a value indicating the sign of the object: a house edge, a sponge bow;
- the value of a partial, limited area of any sign: satisfied with the result, known for achievements;
- indication of the sign, function, position: elected deputy, recognized as a means;
- a predicative sign to clarify the nominal part of the composite predicate: got a loader, became a programmer;
- the value indicating the relation of the subject to the action: to convince with a deed, to surprise with an act;
- the value of the action and its method: singing in bass, walking in small steps;
- an indication of the age period of life: she cried a lot as a child;
- the instrumental case has a value indicating the person who performs the action: the work is protected by a graduate student, a window was broken with a stone;
- the value of the number: considered five.
| value | question | example |
| time of action | when? | sleep at night sow in spring |
| tool | than? | rake, cut with a knife |
| manner and manner of action | than? as? | gallop, sing the baritone, stand back |
| comparison with quality | than? as? | whirl round, whine beluga, howl a wolf |
| place of action | than? | run by the field |
| indication of the subject matter | than? | tail hook |
| attribute restriction | than? | famous feat |
| feature sign | by whom? than? | appointed as deputy |
| predicative attribute | by whom? | got a job as a janitor |
| subject matter to action | than? as? | upset with appreciation |
| action and the way it is committed | as? than? | swim breaststroke |
| age period of life | by whom? than? | cherish youth |
| quantity value | than? | multiply by the tens |
Numerals also vary in cases, but their declination depends on which group of this part of speech they belong to: quantitative, ordinal, or fractional.
The abbreviation of numerals has differentoptions, depending on their form: four, five, but five hundred and five hundred. There are two variants of the declension of composite numerals: in the quantitative, all the words that make it change, and in ordinal numbers, only the last: six hundred and fifty two or six hundred and fifty-second.
