The control system of cities in the Middle Ages was not the same as now. Especially we are talking about the early Middle Ages. Until the 10th century, no city in Europe had self-government.
A commune is a community (group) of people whohave a lot in common with each other. For example, according to the principle of living in the same territory, according to political views. Such a group of people also has related sources of livelihood (earns income by working on the same object).
What is a commune in the Middle Ages?The answer to this question is unequivocal - this is the urban community. The transport infrastructure in the Middle Ages was not developed, therefore migration between cities was minimal. If a person was born in the city, it means that he remained in it for life.
Как изначально была организована система city management? In principle, there was nothing complicated. All the land belonged to the feudal lords (large owners) who could dispose of it at their discretion. The main feudal lord of the country was often the emperor (king).
Feudal lords did not immediately realize whatcommune. And in vain! Analyzing the concept of "commune" in a modern way, we actually see the embryo of civil society. People had their own position, their own common view on the management of their hometown and wanted to be free in terms of setting the lifestyle of the city.
The struggle for liberation from feudal dependenceIt took a long time. The urban population has always tried to resolve the issue peacefully, but this was not always possible, so there were also military clashes. But basically the process took place peacefully. The owners of the land gradually began to understand what a commune was and how it could benefit in the end. People were freed from personal dependence, acquired certain freedoms.
Here you can mention the French cities of Boisson,Amiens, Lille, Toulouse, as well as the Belgian - Ghent, Bruges. In Italy, due to national peculiarities, the process was a little different, therefore the cities received the status of republics (Milan, Venice, Genoa, Pisa, etc.). In these cities, organized their own government, the police, could establish local taxes.
Понимая, что такое коммуна, мы видим начало civil society formation process in Europe in the 10th century. Citizens had an active life position, plans, so they were confident in the success of their city, even if it was not assigned to the feudal lord.
