Feuilletons are works that unitein itself fiction, journalism and satire. From small notes in newspapers, they grew into a separate genre. How did this happen? What features characterize feuilletons? This is what we'll talk about.
The concept of "feuilleton" originated in France in the XIXcentury and belonged to journalism. It is translated from French as “sheet”, because the history of this term began with a sheet. In 1800, a newspaper called the Journal des débats began to supplement standard editions with small inserts, which were later called feuilletons.
The main theme of the newspaper was politics.It opened at the beginning of the French Revolution and published state reports, decisions, orders, statements by deputies and other news in this vein. Additional inserts, on the contrary, were clear of politics. They were written in a lively style and wore an informal shade.
Newspaper satires - it was a way to entertainpublic, and at the same time to draw her attention to the publication. On inserts were placed ads, riddles, poems, reviews of books and theatrical performances, charades, puzzles and puzzles.
Несмотря на то что термин «фельетон» возник после The French Revolution, it is believed that the genre itself originated a century earlier. Its founders are Denis Diderot and Voltaire - authors of satirical works criticizing religion and politics.
Feuilletons in French newspapers quickly moved tosimilar tone. Appearing as charades and reviews, they quickly developed into a separate literary and journalistic genre, similar in spirit to Voltaire and Diderot.
First, in newspaper inserts began to appearexcerpts of literary works, such as the "Three Musketeers" A. Dumas. From here originates a new genre - romance-feuilleton. He belonged to fiction and focused on the general reader, not having a special aesthetics and artistry.
At the same time, European poets andPublicists contribute to the formation of a political feuilleton. It is characterized by bright irony and even satire on the topic of politics and social issues. The genre was strengthened thanks to Victor Rochefort-Luce, Heinrich Heine, Georg Wort, Ludwig Burne, etc.
Now he belongs to the small works and canbe presented as a novel, essay, poem or story. Feuilleton is a genre on the border between literature and journalism. With a work of art it is united by the form of presentation and techniques, while the sharpness of the content refers to journalism.
For such a work is characterized by specifics inimages and facts, criticism, irony. The main topics are topical problems of society and politics. Feuilletons are works that expose human vices, such as pettiness, greed, or, for example, stupidity.
Фельетон иногда связывают с комическим жанром.However, he does not set the task to cause laughter. His main goal is to show a concrete phenomenon through ridiculing, bantering him, and, perhaps, making the reader think.
Over time, in Russia appeared feuilletons - thisthere were low-level works. At the very beginning they were perceived with a negative, compared with the yellow press and low-quality cheap editions. By the 20s of the 19th century, attitudes toward them began to change. So, appeared feuilletons of Baron Brambeus with critical statements about mediocre and vulgar literature.
Sharp notes distinguished Alexander Pushkin,Dobrolyubov, Bestuzhev, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Panayev, Nekrasov. The genre gradually gained popularity. Feuilletons were placed in the magazine "Crocodile", "Iskra", "Alarm Clock". They acquired a special ideology and urgency during the revolution.
At the beginning of the XX century with this genre workedDoroshevich, Yablonovsky. Boris Yegorov and Semyon Narinyani even published separate book editions. In "New Satyricon" Mayakovsky published his feuilletons-hymns ("Hymn to Bribe", "Hymn to the Scholar, etc.).
