The human body is a complex system.It's not in vain in medical schools that they devote much time to studying anatomy. The device of the auditory system is one of the most complex topics. Therefore, some students are lost when they hear the question "What is a drum cavity?" On the exam. It will be interesting to learn about this and people who do not have medical education. Let's look at this topic later in the article.
The human auditory system consists of several parts:
Each site has a special structure. Thus, the middle ear performs a sound-conducting function. It is located in the temporal bone. Includes three air-bearing cavities.
The nasopharynx and the tympanum are connected with the help of the Eustachian tube. Behind - airway cells of the mastoid process, including the largest - mastoid cave.
The drum cavity of the middle ear has the formparallelepiped and has six walls. This cavity is located in the thickness of the pyramid of the temporal bone. The upper wall is formed by a thin bone plate, its function is to separate from the skull, and the thickness reaches a maximum of 6 mm. It can detect small cells. The plate separates the middle ear cavity from the dura mater and the temporal lobe of the brain. Below the drum cavity is adjacent to the bulb of the jugular vein.
The middle part of the inner ear is formed by the bonea labyrinth inside which a snail is contained. Below - stirrup, hammer, anvil and tympanic membrane. Across the tympanum passes the canal of the facial nerve. The lateral walls of the tympanic cavity consist of bone and membranous tissue.
An important part of the middle ear is the auditory tube.Its main function is to maintain optimum pressure. It connects the nasopharynx and the tympanum. With each throat, the opening in the auditory tube opens.
A kind of role of the separation partition betweenthe outer and inner ear is played by the tympanic membrane. This membrane consists of three layers. Its first layer is formed by cells of the epithelium, the second - fibrous fibers, the third - the mucosa. It protects the structure of the middle ear from external influences.
In the middle, the tympanic membrane is pulled inward inthe form of a funnel. Its main function is the transmission of sound vibrations. An important feature of the auditory system allows not only to perceive the sound, but also to determine its direction.
The drum cavity adjoins the cavitymastoid process. Airborne cells diverge from it in different directions. They reach the dura mater and cranial pits. They also penetrate deeply into the pyramid of the temporal bone.
Initially, the sound goes through the external auditorypassage and falls on the tympanic membrane. Under his influence, she begins to hesitate. It is the drum cavity that turns the sound into a mechanical wave, and all thanks to the small bones: anvil, stirrup and malleus. It is with their help that the sound is transmitted to the inner ear. Already there, in the cochlea, there are special receptors that turn mechanical waves into electrical waves, allowing nerve cells to perceive information.
Each mother is familiar with such a disease as otitis media,since it often affects small children. In the absence of timely treatment, this ailment can lead to a persistent hearing loss or a complete loss of hearing.
The drum cavity is reliably protected from externaleffects, and therefore the inflammatory processes in it are secondary. Bacteria come from neighboring spaces. And most often it happens and-due to hypothermia, reduced immunity, nose infection and poor nutrition.
The main symptom of otitis is a sharp pain in the ear. Secondarily, migraine, temperature rise, etc. can occur. But to establish an accurate diagnosis, you need a full-time doctor's consultation.
To private inflammation of the tympanum can becarry eustachyte. This disease affects the auditory tube, where bacteria most often get out of the mouth, as one end of the tube opens next to the tonsils. Therefore, for example, sinusitis and rhinitis can become the causes of diseases of the organs of hearing.
The drum cavity may be affected and due toinflammation in the mastoid cave. This disease is called mastoiditis. Most often, the infection enters this area from the lymphatic or circulatory system, as the vessels thickly pass through this place. Often, inflammation occurs against a background of a sluggish infection, such as pyelonephritis. Bacteria in this case are carried with blood flow and affect mastoid cells.
The drum cavity is part of the middle ear,Including important bones: stirrup, hammer and anvil. An important function of this area is the transformation of a sound wave into a mechanical wave and its delivery to recipes inside a cochlea. Therefore, inflammatory processes in this place threaten temporary or permanent hearing loss.
