Quite often pupils ask:"What is the nominal and proper name?" Despite the simplicity of the question, not everyone knows the definition of these terms and the rules for writing such words. Let's figure it out. After all, in fact, everything is extremely simple and clear.
The most significant layer of nounsare common names. They denote the names of a class of objects or phenomena that have a number of characteristics by which they can be attributed to the specified class. For example, common nouns are: a cat, a table, a corner, a river, a girl. They do not call any particular object or person, animal, but designate a whole class. Using these words, we mean any cat or dog, any table. Such nouns are written with a small letter.
In linguistics, common nouns are also called appellatives.
Unlike common nouns, proper namesconstitute a small layer of nouns. These words or phrases denote a specific and specific object that exists in a single copy. Names of people include names of people, nicknames of animals, names of cities, rivers, streets, countries. For example: Volga, Olga, Russia, Danube. They are always written with a capital letter and point to a specific person or single item.
The study of names proper is the science of onomastics.
So, what is the common and proper name,we dismantled. Now let's talk about onomastics - a science that deals with the study of proper names. In this case, not only the names are considered, but also the history of their origin, the way they have changed over time.
Onomast scientists distinguish several directions inthis science. Thus, the study of the names of people engaged in anthroponymy, the name of peoples - ethnonym. Cosmonics and astronomy study the names of stars and planets. Animal names are explored by zoonimics. Theonymy deals with the names of the gods.
This is one of the most promising sections in linguistics. Research on onomastics is still conducted, articles are published, conferences are held.
The name common and proper can be transferred from one group to another. Quite often it happens that the common noun becomes its own.
For example, if a person is called a name thatearlier entered into the class of common nouns, it becomes its own. A vivid example of such a transformation - the names of Faith, Love, Hope. Previously, they were common.
Surnames, formed from common names, also become anthroponyms. So, you can identify the names of the Cat, Cabbage and many others.
As for the proper names, then they are prettyoften pass into another category. Often this concerns the names of people. Many inventions carry the names of their authors, sometimes the names of scientists are appropriated to the quantities or phenomena discovered by them. So, we know the revolver Colt, units of amperes and newtons.
The names of the heroes of the works can becomecommon. So, the names of Don Quixote, Oblomov, Uncle Stepa became the designation of certain features of appearance or character peculiar to people. The names and surnames of historical figures and celebrities can also be used as generic words, for example, Schumacher and Napoleon.
In such cases, it is necessary to specify what exactlythe addressee has in mind to avoid making mistakes when writing a word. But often this can be understood from the context. We think you understand what a name is common and your own. The examples that we have given show this quite clearly.
As you know, all parts of speech are subject torules of spelling. Nouns - noun and own - also did not become an exception. Remember a few simple rules that will help you avoid annoying mistakes in the future.
As you can see, fairly simple rules. Many of them are known to us from childhood.
All nouns are divided into two largeclass names are proper and common. The first is much smaller than the second. Words can pass from one class to another, acquiring a new meaning. Proper names are always written with a capital letter. The nominal ones are with a small one.
We learned what common and proper names are. The presentation that you can make using this material will help you share your knowledge with others.
