Each city has its own prospectuses. As a rule, these are the main streets of the city. But let's study this issue from the point of view of the Russian language and urban planning.
To begin with, the "prospectus" is a word of foreign origin. This word has Latin roots. The Romans called prospectus a kind of future or the design of the future.
In Russian, the "prospectus" is a multi-valuedword. The first and direct meaning of the word is "a wide, straight and longest street in a city or a metropolis." In our native language, the "avenue" was seen in the 18th century, when Peter the Great built St. Petersburg. At that time, the straight and wide streets of St. Petersburg were called Pershpektivami. A little later the word acquired a modern sound and writing. The famous Nevsky Prospect was called 300 years ago: "a promising road leading to Nevsky Monastery" or "Nevskaya Pershpektiva". Modern writing developed only towards the end of the 18th century.
For the town planner, the "prospect" is one of the major and central streets of the city or a street that connects the neighboring parts of one city. Architects have allocated the prospectus with several signs.
Architects and town planners came to the conclusion that the prospectus should have certain characteristics. Let's consider them:
If these signs are absent, then, most likely,the name "Prospekt" was given to the street not according to the rules of town planning. But the city authorities have the right and the will to apply such a name to the street, depending, for example, on toponymic features or traditions.
In the cities-millionaires there are few prospectuses. At the same time, for example, in Novosibirsk there are not two or three streets, called avenues, but much more:
Many Novosibirsk believe that the Red AvenueIs the longest street in the city. But this is not so. The length of the Red Avenue is 6492 meters. In fact, the record holder for the length in Novosibirsk - Pervomayskaya street. Its length is exactly 7 kilometers.
In the lexicon of Muscovites, the "prospectus" appeared latera hundred years after the emergence of St. Petersburg. For a long time this word they called straight alleys in gardens and parks. Park Izmailovsky since the beginning of the twentieth century has retained the name of avenues-avenues: Elaginsky, Moscow, Izmailovsky and Narodny.
The main Moscow highways began to be called "prospectuses" only from the middle of the twentieth century, after 1950.
Today in Moscow there are streets named so, they are wide and long. Prospects laid near Moscow State University in the southwest of the capital: Vernadsky, Lomonosov, University and Michurinsky.
Flying over St. Petersburg by plane, you can view its streets. They look like elegant ornamentation, which is complemented by picturesque bridges over the glistening smoothness of many rivers and canals.
Petersburg prospectus is a story and a memory ofgreat people, who lived several centuries earlier. Its streets are original heroes of literary works of Pushkin, Gogol and Dostoevsky. Pass through the historical center of the Northern capital prospectuses: Nevsky, Voznesensky, Admiralty, Greek, etc.
Nevsky Prospekt is a visiting card of the city.By its importance, it can only be compared with the Moscow Arbat or the Champs Elysees of Paris. The length of the Neva highway is more than 4 kilometers. It is located from the famous Admiralty to the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. This laurel gave its name to the tract. The opinion that the prospectus was named in honor of the main river of Peter is erroneous. There is no exit to the river. But the avenue has several bridges over the Fontanka, Moika, etc. The famous bridges of Nevsky:
In 1871 the city authorities approved the name "Nevsky Prospekt". But in 1918 the main road of the city was renamed. They called it "Pr-t 25 October".
The Nevsky route had to be built,to connect the new part of the city with the Admiralty. At this time, the monks paved their way. We built the road for six years. It was difficult, because on the way of the Nevsky route there were swamps and swamps. This road in a short time became in demand. Peter the First gives the order to erect the Police Bridge (Green), and also to equip the "Nevskaya Pershpektiva".
Thus, the avenue is the main streeta city that is quite wide and long. There are zones for a pedestrian crossing that do not interfere with the traffic of vehicles. Also on the main city highways there should be public transport, which will deliver townspeople to the center from remote areas of the city.
