From the point of view of chemical structure, phosphatidic acid is the simplest phospholipid.
This substance is one of the intermediate stages of the metabolism of phosphoglycerides in a living organism.
This class of substances is given great attention when studying the signal functions of chemical compounds.
To date, not all links are completely clear.metabolism of phosphatidic acids, in particular, the question of the mechanism of signal transmission by these compounds, as well as the presence of ionophore properties in phosphatidic acids, is still being considered.
The formation of phosphatidic acid occurs underexposure to phospholipase D. This class of enzymes plays a leading role in the synthesis of phosphatidic acids. Being a relatively short-lived chemical compound, the substance is subsequently hydrolyzed to diglyceride under the influence of phosphohydrolase (as a result of the dephosphorylation reaction).
When interacting with the same enzyme, phosphatidic acid can be transformed into diacylglycerol, which in the cycle of biochemical reactions performs the function of an activator of the enzyme protein kinase C.
Synthesis of phosphatidic acid occurs in fattytissue. The process begins with admission to adipocytes (adipose tissue cells) of fatty acids resulting from the hydrolysis of fats (mainly very low density lipoproteins). Inside the cells, interacting with glycerol-tri-phosphate, fatty acids are first converted to lysophosphatidic acid, from which phosphatidic acid is subsequently formed.
The formula of glycerophospholipids formed from it contains residues of phosphoric and fatty acids, glycerin, and also nitrogen-containing acid residues.
It is established that phosphatidic acid refers tothe so-called signal connections, that is, those that carry the function of intermediaries in transmitting information in signal paths. In particular, it is a key element in the transmission of the following signals in a plant cell:
During the experiments, it was shown that the level of this compound in the cells of plant organisms under the influence of pathogenic factors increases significantly. This reaction is caused by:
Thus, we can conclude about the participation of phosphatidic acid and its metabolites in the complex of reactions responsible for the adaptation of the organism to stressful situations.
Кроме того, известно, что фосфатидная кислота necessary for the reaction of transport of protons and calcium ions through the membranes of neurons and muscle fibers. On this basis, phosphatidic acid is also attributed to the ionophoric function (selectively: for calcium ions and protons).
Despite the fact that the purpose of phosphatidic acid has been established, the very method (mechanism) of signal transmission itself is still being discussed and requires clarification.
However, there is no doubt that transductioncarried out by the ability of phosphatidic acid, acting on the structure of the cell membrane, to regulate the activity of membrane enzymes, as well as participate in the interaction with the cell membranes of protein molecules.
Antioxidant Activity Studiesderivatives of phosphatidic acid, carried out both in the study of model processes and with the involvement of biological objects, showed that the so-called phosphatidic acid mimetics have many mechanisms of antioxidant effects.
Comprehensive targeting informationthe action of phosphatidic acid allows its and its metabolites to be used in the production of biologically active substances designed to increase the efficiency and endurance of the body's cells.
Acting at the cellular level, such compounds do not stimulate, but only normalize the work of the cells; This important moment minimizes the likelihood of negative side effects.
