The construction of the stairs is responsiblea task that you can perform yourself. This design should be as comfortable, aesthetic and safe during operation. All these requirements are met by properly constructed concrete stairs. How to create this design with your own hands, will be discussed further.
Concrete stairs in private houses (photopresented below) are durable and durable. They look aesthetically pleasing and tidy. Therefore, such structures are equipped both inside and outside the house. Concrete is one of the best materials for creating stairs. It is not subject to the negative effects of wind, rain, snow, temperature changes, etc. At the same time, the concrete is not afraid of mechanical loads.
Concrete stairs are harmoniously combined with differenttypes of facade decoration. In this case, the design can be of different heights. It can serve as a porch or provide a rise to the second floor or attic. You can also use this material to create a descent to the basement.
Monolithic concrete staircase is not loosened.Therefore, it can withstand high dynamic loads. The ladder will not creak. This is a stable design. You can create different designs from concrete. They differ in configuration and design.
The concrete staircase in the house isfireproof material. It does not change its characteristics and does not emit harmful components even when exposed to high temperatures. It can be revetted with various decorative materials. There are various options for creating a staircase design. The choice depends on the characteristics of operation and taste preferences of the owners of the house.
Concrete stairs (photo below) candiffer in type of design. They can be monolithic or combined. In the first case, the whole ladder is made of cement mortar. Combined species have a metal frame. It serves as a mount for the steps of concrete. Each step is made of cement, pouring it into the prepared formwork.
The shape of the stairs can be straight (with one orseveral marches), as well as screw. They are difficult to manufacture. The simplest staircase is a straight one-shot construction, which is installed between two walls. Such, for example, may be the descent into the basement. The end elements of the construction are not required to be made separately. Steps are fixed directly to the wall.
It’s harder to install such a ladder ifrelies only on one wall. In this case, you will need to make an additional side. You can create these types of designs that do not rely on the wall at all. They have two ends. This staircase is supported only on the upper and lower ceiling of the room.
Concrete stairs in the house to the second floor canconsist of two or even more marches. Here you will need to create special spans. This is a rather complicated system that novice masters equip rarely.
The most difficult construction is screwstairs. However, it looks more effective than other options. To build such a ladder, create a formwork of irregular shape. Make it quite difficult. This is a special system of many curved shields. To link such a framework, it will take a lot of time and effort.
Concrete staircase to the second floor, to the basement orto climb the porch must be properly designed. For this you need to create a design plan. It should be correctly calculated. First you need to measure the free space that will be allotted for construction.
Next, create a drawing.The dimensions of the room or platform on the street where the steps will be created are transferred to it. Next, measure how long the ladder should be. You also need to determine the type of structure that you plan to create yourself in a private house. The cost of this design depends on its complexity, as well as dimensions.
In the process of creating a plan of the stairs you needcomply with all building standards and regulations. It is necessary to correctly calculate the width and angle of the structure, choose the appropriate number of steps. At the same time, it is considered whether moving along such a ladder will be comfortable. It is also important to think up a fence, decide whether marches are required for such a system. In this case, it is important to consider all the details.
First determine the angle of the stairs.It should not be too flat, so as not to take up much space. It is also unacceptable to create a too steep climb. This is inconvenient and unsafe. If the staircase is inside the house, it should have an angle of 25-45º.
If the angle of the structure will be35º, the span will have a length of 4.3 m. This is an average figure. With a steeper descent, you can create a ladder with a length of 3 m (the angle of inclination is 45º). Concrete consumption depends on this indicator. The difference between the construction of 25º and 45º is 2.3 times.
Создавая план бетонной лестницы своими руками, it is necessary to calculate correctly the dimensions and the number of steps. There are certain standards for how to choose their size. It is considered optimal if the height of the step is from 16 to 20 cm. At the same time, the width of the steps can be from 27 to 30 cm. Experts say that these rules cannot be neglected. If you make a step higher (more than 22 cm), it will be difficult to climb and descend along them. If there are elderly people in the house, it is necessary to make the steps of the minimum permissible height (16 cm).
If you make the steps lower than 15 cm, it will bealso uncomfortable. Too frequent step tires. When lifting you will have to make more movements. For children, this size of steps is quite suitable. However, when choosing the steps, it is necessary to take into account the requirements of all the people who live in the house.
Step width is also regulated.standards. Their width can not be less than 25 cm. Otherwise, the foot will not fully stand on the surface and will slip. Moving through this design will be unsafe. If, however, to make the width of the step more than 32 cm, the person will need to make a wider step when moving up the stairs. It also causes some discomfort.
How to make a concrete staircase indicaterelevant building standards. They stipulate the correct choice of the size of the steps, the rise and the angle of the stairs. If it is intended to equip the stairs in the house, it should be 80 cm wide. This indicator can be increased to 1 m, if there are many people living in the cottage and, perhaps, they will simultaneously descend and climb the stairs. Be sure to design railings must be provided.
If the main staircase settles, the numberits steps should be at least 3 pieces, and a maximum - 17 pieces. If they need to be done more, a two-marche construction is created. Between them there should be a playground. Otherwise, the operation of such a building would be unsafe. If a person stumbles and falls, he will be seriously injured. It is better to make a small number of steps, separating them by spans.
It should also be noted that the number of stepsmust be odd. Studies have shown that it is more convenient for people to start the movement with one foot, and to finish it with the other. In this case, all steps must be the same height. Otherwise, you can stumble. When lifting and lowering the leg muscles, they remember how high the movement was. In this case, the weight is transferred taking into account the previous step height. Even with a difference of this level of 2 cm, a person can stumble and get seriously injured.
It is also worth saying that the concrete stairsmust have a railing. Under them establish balusters. These structural elements are additional supports for the railing. Performing the finishing of the concrete stairs, you need to create the correct distance between the balusters. If there are children in the house, these structural elements are placed at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other. Otherwise, operation of the ladder by children becomes unsafe.
Stairs on a concrete base can be builtonly after all the necessary calculations. In accordance with the purchase of the required number of materials. A formwork is also created according to this drawing. It will be filled with cement mortar.
Formwork assembly is the most difficult step.works The result of the work depends on its correctness. Time and effort for this procedure requires a lot. If you make a mistake at this stage, the consequences will be dire.
To make the formwork, you will needprepare the boards. They must be 3 cm wide. You can also use waterproof plywood for this purpose. Its thickness should be approximately 1.5 cm. Such material is used for arranging the formwork of the bottom of the stairs, as well as flanging, risers.
If you want to create curved elementsstructures, it is necessary to prepare waterproof plywood with a thickness of 0.6-0.9 cm. For supports, boards with a thickness of 5 cm are useful. They can be replaced with support bars with a section of 10x10 cm. They are also used to create joints of plywood sheets. Fixing materials is carried out using the corners, screws.
When choosing materials for formwork need to payattention to the appearance of the surface of the boards or plywood. It should be perfectly smooth. The same will be the surface of the concrete after it hardens. This staircase does not need finishing. It is created only for decorative purposes (if desired, the owners of the house). To achieve such a result, the internal surfaces of the formwork must be polished before assembly. For smooth plywood, this action is not required.
Concrete stairs going from bottom to top.First you need to mount the formwork. Begin by installing its bottom. Dimensional boards fasten with the help of bars outside the formwork. From below, this structure is supported by support bars (one for each step). For fixing used screws.
Side sections of the structure need to be limitedflanging plywood or boards. From the outside, it is also reinforced with bars. After that, reinforcement is carried out. For this, metal rods are used with a cross section of 10 mm. They are laid up and down the structure, tying the reinforcement with wire. The grid should be at a distance of 2-3 cm from the bottom.
Next, install the plywood to createrisers. Sheets are attached to the flanging with metal corners. All joints need to be coated with concrete. When it dries, the surface is smoothed with a grinder.
A concrete staircase may not be required,if it is correct to assemble the formwork for it and fill it in accordance with the existing requirements. For this purpose, cement grade from M200 and above. The composition necessarily includes crushed stone. The fraction should be 1-2 cm.
Fill start with the bottom step.Cement fill 2-3 compartments formwork. Next, you need to tamp the material. For this you need to use special equipment. Part of the concrete in this case will be squeezed out of the formwork. It needs to be moved up or down. The top of the steps need to be smoothed trowel. The procedure is performed to the very top of the formwork. Next, the concrete is covered with a film and periodically moisten its surface.
In the process of creating a concrete staircase you needcomply with all building regulations and recommendations of experts. They argue that the formwork must be properly removed. This procedure is carried out in several stages.
After 7 days after pouring cement removedflanging and boards from the steps. This is done very carefully, so as not to damage the structure. If it can be seen that the concrete is still wet, the formwork elements cannot be removed. In places where the boards will be removed, the surface is ground with a grinder.
The supports should be removed only 22-27 days after pouring concrete. If it is done too early, the structure may collapse. The bottom of the ladder should also be polished with high quality.
Finishing the concrete stairs in the house cancarried out using different materials. It can be wood, laminate, tile. Also used for these purposes porcelain and artificial stone. You can cover the surface of the stairs with carpet. The surface of the design should be perfectly flat, so that the decorative materials look spectacular and are correctly assembled.
If the surface is not flat enough,appear bumps or pits. Materials will not adhere to the surface. To avoid this, the surface of the steps must be carefully polished. If necessary, apply plaster. It is also applied to the ends. These surfaces are subsequently coated with a layer of paint.
Having considered the types of concrete stairs, as well as penetrating into the features of their installation, you can create a similar structure in your house yourself.
