Construction companies today offer a lotStructural solutions for bookmarking an inexpensive and, at the time, sound foundation. Compromise options are usually a hybrid of two traditional methods of device support basis. The pile-grillage foundation, which initially focused on light wooden structures, fully applies to this concept, but as it is improved, it has been applied to concrete structures.
The house is arranged on a monolithic platform.(grillage), which, in turn, is based on bearing piles. Accordingly, in the process of work, the creation of wells and careful calculation of the power structure, which will distribute the load from the building frame, will be required. It contains this base and elements of the strip foundation.
Particular attention is recommended to pay trenchlines which will be installed piles. The configuration of their placement can be chess, solid, single or strip. For example, a pile-grillage foundation for aerated concrete is recommended to be laid according to a two-lane scheme, in which the bearing supports are installed in two rows. For a bathhouse or a sennik, it is quite possible to confine ourselves to the infrequent placement of single piles, while industrial buildings and two-story cottages are being built on a grillage, held by a dense group of supports, integrated in a staggered pattern.
All kinds of traditional driving andscrew piles, but it should be borne in mind that the support must allow for the possibility of immersion in a printed cement concrete tunnel or casing. In terms of the choice of materials, the technology of pile-gravel foundation practically does not impose any restrictions - depending on the load, wood, metal, concrete and even composites can be used. But more often involve metal piles due to their practicality, durability and reliability.
Важно учитывать и дальнейшие возможности для coupling support elements with the same grillage and casing. Wire bonding, reinforcement and welding techniques can be used. Steel combinations are recommended to be used for a monolithic pile-grillage foundation, since at a small building site, reinforced concrete allows you to take large loads from the frame without additional reinforcement.
For a start, it is worth highlighting the types of soilwhich, in principle, the construction of a pile-rostrum bearing base is allowed. As a rule, these are weak and unstable soils that are in a fluid-plastic state and are prone to swelling. This applies to quicksand, loam, forest and vegetation cover, the dynamics of which does not allow to arrange capital tape and monolithic structures.
Как же готовится проблемная почва?The upper fertile layer is completely retracted along with the turf and roots. Next, the marking of the territory where the pile-grillage foundation with trenches will be arranged is made. Stakes should be noted the point of placement of the bearing partitions and contours of the floors. Between them strictly on the level of the rope is stretched.
Along the perimeter of the future partition wallscarcass digs a trench. In depth, it can also correspond to a belt construction, but in principle a pile-grillage foundation is shallow, therefore 50 cm will be sufficient. Moreover, the installation of a pile will be performed in the trench, and this will require additional space.
Bored support elements sit ondepth of about 150-200 cm. Wells are formed by drills with the mechanism of auger soil intake. At the bottom there is a cushion with a thickness of 20-30 cm based on sand and rubble. Then a reinforcing frame is installed, the walls of the well are lined with roofing felt, and the casing is immersed in the niche itself. In order to increase the durability of the pile-grillage foundation for a house, borehole blasting techniques are sometimes used to expand the lower part of the landing, which is subsequently poured with concrete. You need to fill the whole niche of the casing.
This technique is suitable for light and smallthe area of buildings - for example, aerated or wooden. The supporting elements are immersed by 50-70 cm. From the point of view of the device technology, manual well creation is the main advantage of the screw-rover foundation. With the help of a drill, you can drill a hole of the desired depth without connecting special equipment. To do this, it is necessary to insert a pile into the prepared notches, and attach a lever to its upper part. Further, in the process of rotation of the support, a small well will be formed up to 100 cm. But this operation needs to be done with a partner who will provide control of the verticality of the drill post.
Piling location configuration should besustained and horizontally - that is, the arrangement on one line. After mounting the columns, it is also necessary to fill the niches with concrete. Problems with the use of a screw pile-rozverkovogo foundation may arise on permafrost soil. Such soils are advantageous for their density, which increases the reliability of planting bearing elements. However, difficulties may arise due to the fact that after the destruction of the ice structure during drilling, its subsequent restoration will disturb the pile position relative to the vertical. Therefore, for some time after drilling, the piles should be securely fixed in the cement mortar with special supports.
When the supports are strong enough, you canproceed to the installation of the upper bearing platform. A formwork is made on the previously created trench, the bottom of which must be provided with a sand pad with a thick layer of geotextile insulator. Then the reinforcing frame is formed of metal rods with a thickness of 8-10 mm. After this, the pillars are cast under the pile-grill foundation strictly according to the level of the trench. When the screed hardens, you can disassemble the formwork and start installing the grillage.
At this stage, differentapproaches, but the most reliable option would be the construction of a metal structure based on I-beams and channel bars. The trimming of the required size elements is done by the grinder at a 45-degree angle. Butt knots are double-welded and additionally bolted. Such a grillage can be used for country houses made of brick or stone, and for lightweight constructions, the construction on wooden beams will also do.
Almost all the strengths of the applicationThe foundations of this type are reduced to the optimization of the technological process of construction. This is reflected in a reduction in the cost of work and materials, sometimes in the abandonment of special equipment and a reduction in construction time. What else is important, weather conditions do not affect the construction of the pile-foundation foundation. Pros and cons in terms of technical and operational qualities also deserve attention. Of course, there is no talk of comparison in terms of strength with monolithic platforms and a tape base, but the design flexibility allows you to safely construct a grillage on piles, regardless of the characteristics of the relief.
As already noted, the strength of such a foundation- not the strongest side, which imposes restrictions on its use for many capital buildings. In individual construction, a significant disadvantage of this technology is the complete elimination of the device of basements with basements. Also, despite some lightness in the workflow, the pile-grillage foundation for the house requires a thorough calculation in the installation of load-bearing elements. Errors in this case are much more significant than with the device of the same monolithic foundation. For example, shrinkage when the piles are not stable enough can even lead to the destruction of a building.
In the process of developing projects of private housesArchitects often face the challenge of combining several conflicting construction parameters. For example, there may be the task of constructing a functional, inexpensive and reliable home with a full set of protective insulating properties of the frame. As a result, reducing the cost of the project leads to the abandonment of a number of technological solutions used, including at the stage of the foundation. I must say that the foundation as such largely determines the future technical and operational qualities of the building.
The optimal solution in such situations is justand becomes a pile-grillage foundation, the pros and cons of which can be adjusted during construction. For example, the lack of capacity of the carrier base can be filled at the stage of creating the first overlap in the frame of the house. On the other hand, functional tasks of the grillage can be strengthened - a metal platform, in particular, is supplemented with insulators. At the same time, the unconditional advantages of the foundation in the form of financial savings and high construction speed will remain.
