Novgorod Prince, son of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich,He defeated any enemy on the battlefield, but at the same time, showing special organizational and diplomatic abilities, he could give way to a stronger enemy in order to save his people from vain victims.
The Great Prince of Novgorod is one ofpeople who not only influenced the destinies of our people and Fatherland, but also in many ways changed them, and also predetermined the further course of history for centuries to come.
Prince Alexander was born in 1220 (some sources indicate 1221) in Pereyaslavl-Zalessky. His father - Pereyaslavl Prince Yaroslav. Mother - Theodosius, the youngest daughter of Prince Mstislav.
From a young age, Alexander was involved inpolitical events that at that time unfolded around reigning in Novgorod the Great. A large part of the life of the great commander, thinker, philosopher is associated with this city.
In early January 1231, Alexander becomesFormal Novgorod Prince on a par with his brother. In fact, all power was in the hands of his father. In 1233 brother Fyodor died. In 1236, Prince Yaroslav occupied the Kiev throne, which had been liberated by that time. From now on, the 16-year-old Alexander becomes the full ruler of Novgorod.
You can often hear the question:“What feats did Alexander Nevsky accomplish?” Today we will tell you about it. But first, I would like to note that the beginning of his reign in Novgorod fell on a terrible time - the Tatar invasion.
The hordes of Batu did not reach Novgorod, but at that time the largest Russian cities were destroyed, the bravest princes died.
In addition, the German knights, advancing from the west, were of great danger to Novgorod. And Alexander was disturbed by Sweden, which at the beginning of the XIII century began to encroach on the territory of Russia.
Describe the feats of arms of Alexander Nevskyit is necessary from this battle, because it was the first serious test for the young prince. I must say that he endured it with honor, while showing the qualities of not only a brilliant commander, but also a wise politician.
With a small retinue, without waiting for help from his fatherand other princes, Alexander went hiking. On the way, he teamed up with the Ladozhans and suddenly (July 15) attacked the Swedish camp. As is known, the Russian army defeated the Swedes. With the huge losses of the enemy, the Russians lost 20 people. There is an opinion that the losses in the army of Alexander are somewhat underestimated, but at the same time the significance of the battle on the Neva is obvious - despite the Mongol yoke, Russia was able to defend its borders.
Unconditional victory was very important for the twenty year old prince. She brought him loud fame and honorary name - Nevsky.
After this event, Alexander quarreled withNovgorod and with his family, mother and "his court" left the city. Probably the cause of the conflict was his imperious (following the example of his father) reign. It caused the resistance of the boyars. Alexander moved to Pereyaslavl, where he became prince.
All the exploits of Alexander Nevsky are of great importance in the development of Russian statehood. Victory over the Germans is no exception.
Prince Alexander, arriving in Novgorod, beganact decisively. In the same year he captured the Smoke Fortress, which the Germans built. He captured some of the opponents, let some go home, and hung the traitors (leaders and Estonians).
A year later, Alexander with Novgorod and the squadBrother Andrew moved to Pskov. The city was liberated from invaders quite simply. Part of the German was slaughtered, some sent to Novgorod as a military booty.
Developing success, the Russian squad moved to Estonia, but in the very first clash, Alexander’s forward detachment was defeated. Russian warriors retreated.
On April 5, 1242, the Battle of Chudsky took place.the lake, which in history received the name of the Battle of the Ice. Estonians and Germans, moving "pig" (wedge), struck the vanguard of the Russian, but were soon surrounded and destroyed.
In 1245, the cities of Torzhok and Bezhetsk movedLithuanian army led by Mindovg. When people who are interested in the life of the great commander ask: “What is the last feat of Alexander Nevsky?”, The researchers answer that this is, undoubtedly, the defeat of the Lithuanians.
Having freed Toropets, Prince Alexander killed tenLithuanian princes. After that, he dismissed the people of Novgorod to their homes and, with the forces of his squad, caught up and completely defeated the Lithuanian army at Lake Жitsca. Returning to Novgorod, the prince’s squad defeated another Lithuanian detachment.
Дружина Александра являлась грозной силой.Even the mention of her terrified the enemies. The 3 feats of Alexander Nevsky, which he accomplished with his valiant warriors, could not help but go as far as Batu. After the defeat of the Lithuanians, Alexander was "summoned" to the Horde.
In 1947, Andrew, and after his brother, and AlexanderNevsky, went to Batu, to the Horde. The brothers returned only in 1249. Andrei received from Khan a label for the throne in Vladimir, and Alexander in Kiev. Formally, the status granted to Alexander was higher. But Kiev, devastated by the Tatars, practically lost its significance in the life of the state. Therefore, Alexander was not satisfied with this decision. Without stopping in Kiev, he went to Novgorod.
The policy of Alexander Nevsky for many yearsdefined relations between Russia and the Horde, West and East. Later, the Moscow princes, great-grandchildren and grandchildren of Alexander Nevsky, continued the policy of pacifying the Horde. As a result, they were able to revive the power of Russia and, finally, throw off the hated yoke.
Listing the exploits of Alexander Nevsky, it is impossiblelimited only to his military achievements. He was a successful diplomat, able to conclude treaties that are very important for the state. In 1251, he was able to sign an agreement between Norway and Novgorod on the delimitation of border disputes and tribute collections in the vast territory that the Saami and Karelians inhabited. In 1260 a trade agreement was concluded with Lübeck, Gotland and German cities. It turned out to be very durable. Referred to him even in 1420.
Returning in 1263 of his fourthaccount trip to the Horde, Alexander fell ill. In Gorodtsa, which is located on the Volga, feeling that his days are numbered, the prince took monastic vows, and he was gone on 14 November.
We told you about the life of a great man,whose contribution to the history of the Russian state is difficult to overestimate. The exploits of Alexander Nevsky, his life, victories on the battlefield and merit in the diplomatic field deserve admiration and respect.
