From school lessons in chemistry, everyone knows thatthe human body contains in itself practically all elements from the periodic table of DI Mendeleyev. The percentage of some is very significant, while others are present only in trace amounts. But each of the chemical elements in the body fulfills its important role. In the human body, mineral substances are contained in the form of salts, organic are represented as carbohydrates, proteins and others. Deficiency or excess of any of them leads to disruption of normal life activity.
The chemical composition of bones includes a number of elements andtheir substances, more calcium and collagen salts, as well as others, the percentage of which is much lower, but their role is no less significant. Strength and health of the skeleton depends on the balance of the composition, which, in turn, is determined by a variety of factors, from a healthy diet and ending with the ecological environment.
The chemical composition of bones includes substancesorganic and inorganic origin. Exactly half of the mass is water, the remaining 50% is divided by ossein, fat and calcareous, phosphoric calcium and magnesium salts, and sodium chloride. The mineral part accounts for about 22%, and the organic part, represented by proteins, polysaccharides, citric acid and enzymes, fills about 28%. Bones contain 99% of calcium, which is in the human body. A similar component composition has teeth, nails and hair.
In the anatomical laboratory it is possible to carry outthe following analysis to confirm the chemical composition of the bones. To determine the organic part, the tissue is exposed to an acid solution of medium strength, for example, hydrochloric, with a concentration of about 15%. In the resulting medium, calcium salts dissolve, and the ossein "skeleton" remains untouched. Such a bone acquires the maximum property of elasticity, in the literal sense it can be tied into a knot.
Inorganic component included in the chemicalcomposition of human bones, can be distinguished by burning out the organic part, it is easily oxidized to carbon dioxide and water. The mineral core is characterized by the same shape, but extreme fragility. The slightest mechanical impact - and it just crumbles.
When the bones get into the soil of the bacteriarecycle organic matter, and the mineral part is completely impregnated with calcium and converted to stone. In places where there is no access to moisture and microorganisms, the tissues eventually undergo natural mummification.
Any textbook on anatomy tells aboutchemical composition and structure of bones. At the cellular level, tissue is defined as a special type of connective tissue. At the core lie collagen fibers surrounded by plates composed of a crystalline substance - a calcium mineral - hydroxylapatite (basic phosphate). In parallel, star-shaped voids, containing bone cells and blood vessels, are located. Due to its unique microscopic structure, this fabric is surprisingly light.
Normal operation of the musculoskeletal systemdepends on the chemical composition of the bones, whether the organic and mineral substances are contained in sufficient quantities. Calcareous and phosphoric calcium salts, which constitute 95% of the inorganic part of the skeleton, and some other mineral compounds determine the property of hardness and bone strength. Thanks to them, the fabric is resistant to serious loads.
The collagen component and its normalthe content is responsible for such a function as elasticity, resistance to compression, stretching, bending and other mechanical influences. But only in the coordinated "union" of the organic and mineral component provides the bone tissue with those unique properties that it possesses.
The percentage of substances,what is the chemical composition of human bones, can vary from one and the same representative. Depending on age, lifestyle and other factors of influence, the number of those or other compounds may vary. In particular, in children, bone tissue is only formed and consists mostly of the organic component - collagen. Therefore, the skeleton of the child is more flexible and elastic.
For the proper formation of the tissues of the child, it is extremely important to consume vitamins. In particular, such as D3. Only in its presence is the chemical compositionbones are fully replenished with calcium. Deficiency of this vitamin can lead to the development of chronic diseases and excessive fragility of the skeleton due to the fact that the fabric was not filled with Ca salts in time2+.
The chemical composition of the bones of a person who has passedadolescence, is significantly different from the child. Now the ratio of mineral and ossein parts is roughly compared. Disappears special flexibility of bone tissue, but the strength of the skeleton due to the inorganic component increases at times. Its physical properties are comparable to a reinforced concrete structure or cast iron, and the elasticity is even greater than that of oak wood.
In full, to ensure a balancedthe chemical composition of human bones (the table below contains data on the normal percentage of all substances that make up the skeleton) can be due to a correct lifestyle, rational nutrition and health care.
| Name or type of connection | Percentage | Name of mineral compound | Percentage |
| Water | 50% | Calcium Phosphate | 85% |
| Fat | 16% | Phosphorous calcium | I% |
| Organic substances (ossein) | 12% | Calcium carbonate | 3% |
| Inorganic substances | 22% | Magnesium Phosphate | 1.5% |
| Sodium chloride | 0.25% | ||
| Potassium chloride | 0.25% | ||
| Other inorganic substances | 1% | ||
| Total | 100% | 100% |
The chemical composition of human bones is broken toold age, which leads to serious consequences. Older people complain of problems with the musculoskeletal system, they often have fractures that heal longer than the child or adult. This is a consequence of the increase in the content of inorganic salts in the skeleton, their number reaches 80%. Lack of collagen, therefore, a decrease in such properties as elasticity, leads to the fact that the bones become extremely fragile. Restoring the balance is possible with the help of special medications, but still this process can not be stopped or turned back. This is the physiological feature of the body.
For health and normal work of the skeletonit is necessary to monitor the correct filling of bone tissue with all chemical elements and compounds from childhood, only in this case it is possible to lead a full and active way of life.
