In modern pedagogy, two are actively used.concepts - "individual educational trajectory" and "personal learning route." These categories are treated as private and general. Simply put, the individual educational trajectory is specified in the route. The latter, in turn, is more widely used in the system of additional education. The route is considered an important component that determines the success of the personal development environment in a pedagogical institution. An individual trajectory is a personalized way of realizing the potential of a student in the educational process. Consider it in more detail.
As the analysis of psychological and pedagogical publications shows, the organization of an individual educational trajectory is of key importance in science and practice. It is implemented in the following areas:
Индивидуальная образовательная траектория development can be considered as a specific sequence of components of activities aimed at the realization of their own goals of knowledge. At the same time, it should correspond to the capabilities, abilities, motivation, interests of the person. This activity is carried out with the organizing, coordinating, consulting support of the teacher and in collaboration with parents.
Summarizing this information, you can displaydefinition of the category in question. Individual educational trajectories of students are manifestations of the style of activity, depending on motivation, ability to learn and implemented in collaboration with the teacher. Structural elements associate a category with such a concept as a pedagogical program. They allow students to master a specific level of education.
Educational program is considered as:
In a broad sense, ideas are laid into the program.personalization and differentiation. In the first case, the pedagogical process takes into account the personal characteristics of children in all methods and forms of teaching. Differentiation involves the grouping of students based on the selection of certain features. With this approach, the personal path is a targeted simulated program. It is focused on creating the necessary conditions for self-expression with the mandatory achievement of established standards.
To form an individual educationaltrajectory of the child, it is necessary to realize the psychological, pedagogical and subject knowledge and define specific goals. Within this process several principles work.
The first is the need to create sucha program in which the position of a person who receives knowledge would be clearly manifested. It should begin the construction of an individual educational trajectory, which would take into account its potential capabilities, features of the cognitive process, its weaknesses.
The second principle implies the needto correlate the environmental conditions with advanced human abilities. This principle is expressed in the constant definition of tasks that are adequate to modern conditions and prospects for the development of education. Ignoring this principle can provoke the destruction of the integrity of the whole pedagogical process. Moreover, it may contribute to the loss of either the person himself or the values of cognitive activity.
The third fundamental position reflects the need to lead a person to the technology with which his proactive construction of an individual educational trajectory will be carried out.
Individual educational trajectorythe student is built while mastering the methods of activity and knowledge. This process can occur at the level of conscious remembering. Externally, it manifests itself in close to the original and accurate reproduction of the material. Assimilation can occur at the level of application of methods of activity and knowledge on the model or in a similar situation. In addition, a creative approach is used.
Studies show that individualThe student’s educational trajectory can be successfully completed in all cognitive areas in the presence of certain conditions. In particular, opportunities should be provided:
A key feature of the process in whichthe individual educational trajectory of the student is formed, is that the primary role is given to abilities, due to which a person creates new cognitive products. This work is based on the following ideas:
In summary, we can draw the following conclusion.The individual educational trajectory is formed using the creative approach. In this regard, in the process of its creation, the relevant laws are in effect.
They are a kind of visualmatrix cognitive process. Currently, especially in the course of improving remote forms of learning, navigators have shown their effectiveness. Without them, an individual educational trajectory is simply unthinkable. In the matrices by means of symbols, signs, abbreviations the level of a person’s ascent to the cognitive product is noted. Simply put, the navigator is a clear and expanded map. In it, the student easily identifies his position, as well as the tasks that confront him in the near future. The matrix allows you to determine the coordinates of the four-bar system "I know - I study - I will study - I know the new." Such a process is presented in the form of a spiral path of ascent to the truth. The components of the matrix are the projections, addresses, names, activities on the plane of the sheet. The work of the student, aimed at mastering the discipline, subject, unit, course, the acquisition of knowledge, skills, abilities, professions is depicted as a vector. It registers the content of the activity.
Индивидуальная образовательная траектория realized when the awareness of the need for independent movement, the formulation of private and general problems and tasks associated with the acquisition of the specialty. Productive activity is carried out according to the personal characteristics of each person. A teacher who wants to see and develop a unique personality in each student will have to solve a difficult task - to teach everyone in different ways.
В этой связи организация процесса по individual trajectory will require a special technology of interaction of all participants. In modern didactics, this problem can be solved in two ways. The most common is a differentiated approach. In accordance with it, during individual work with each student it is proposed to divide the material according to the level of complexity, direction and other parameters.
In the second approach, own pathformed in accordance with each studied area. In this case, the student is invited to form his own trajectory. It is worth saying that the second option is almost never used in practice. This is due to the fact that its use requires the simultaneous development and implementation of different models, each of which is unique in its own way and correlates with the individual potential of an individual student.
В рамках образовательной программы обучающийся must learn to determine their personal steps to achieve knowledge. They can be additionally recorded in the form of various records (diary, for example). This, in turn, will require the student to have a high planning culture and ability to sum up. As observations show, this activity is fairly easily carried out by modern schoolchildren using computer technology. In this work does not cause any rejection on their part. Formalization and, to a certain extent, the elaboration of programs and plans using drawings, maps, logical-semantic models, tables, according to the students themselves, make it possible to regulate and clearly see the cognitive strategy and perspective in life. Navigators that are widely used today are becoming in some way the guides in the world of knowledge.
В современном образовании складывается paradoxical situation. It consists in the fact that the complication of the process is opposed to the emergence of new technologies. Their essence consists in striving for a certain formalization of the content of the cognitive process through splitting in accordance with the image of perception of computer language. Apparently, this trend will continue further and may become one of the main directions of improving education or a related aspect. Meanwhile, the very idea of creating navigation components in an increasingly cognitive process is, of course, a positive thing.
