Scientific research - the process of studying and understanding reality,connections between individual environmental phenomena and their patterns. Cognition is a complex process of people's consciousness. It, in fact, represents a movement towards more accurate and complete knowledge. This way it is possible to pass through scientific research.
In the field of applied sciences or technology, stages of scientific research, which must be consistently passed during the study of certain problems.
Most often, seven consecutive steps are distinguished, each of which characterizes the stages of scientific research. In a short version structure and stages of scientific research look like this.
- First of all, it is necessary determine the problem. This stage is not just a search for a problem, but a precise and precise formulation of the research tasks, because the progress and effectiveness of the entire study largely depends on this.
At this stage it is required to collect and process the initial information, to think over the methods and means of solving problems.
- In the second stage, put forth, and then justify the original hypothesis. Usually, a hypothesis is developed on the basis offormulated tasks and analysis of the collected initial information. The hypothesis may not have one option, then you need to choose the most appropriate one. To clarify the hypothesis of the working order, experiments are carried out, allowing more complete study of the object.
- The third stage - theoretical research. It consists in the synthesis and analysis of the basicregularities, which give fundamental sciences in relation to the object under study. At this stage, further, additional, new, yet unknown regularities are obtained with the help of apparatus of different sciences.
The aim of the research at the level of theory is the generalization of phenomena, their connections,
obtaining more information to justify a working hypothesis.
- Experimental research continue the theoretical stage.Experiment as a scientifically supplied experience is the most difficult and time-consuming part of the research. His goals may be different, because they depend on the nature of the whole study, as well as the sequence of its conduct.
In the case of a standard course and procedurethe experimental part (experiment) is carried out after the stage of theoretical study of the problem. In this case, the experiment, as a rule, confirms the results of theoretical hypotheses. Sometimes after the experiment, hypotheses are refuted.
In some cases, the order of the studychanges. It happens that the third and fourth stages of scientific research change places. Then the experiment may precede the theoretical part. Such a sequence is characteristic of exploratory studies, when the theoretical basis is insufficient for the promotion of hypotheses. In this case, the theory is designed to generalize the results of experimental studies.
- Analysis of results and their comparison.This stage implies the need to compare the theoretical and experimental stages of scientific research for the final confirmation of the hypothesis and the further formulation of the conclusions and the consequences arising from it. Sometimes the result is also negative, then the hypothesis has to be rejected.
- Final conclusions. The conclusions are summed up, the conclusions are formulated and their correspondence to the initially stated problem.
- Mastering the results. This stage is typical for technical works. It is a preparation for the industrial implementation of the research results.
These seven steps are reduced to the main stages of scientific research, which must be passed from the working hypothesis to the implementation of the results of research into life.
