This essay was relevant and timely.The fact is that in Turgenev's time there was no unity in the society in the understanding of the problem of "proximity to the people". It was interpreted differently by the Slavophils (claiming that the peasants are committed to the "old days" and are in opposition to the reforms) and bourgeois ideologists (asserting that the relations between the fathers-landlords and peasant children are harmonious). Characteristics of Horia and Kalinich, these views clearly refute.
As is known from the plot of the narrative, a certainlandowner Kaluga province, Mr. Polutykin met on the basis of mutual predilection for hunting with the author of the narrative. The heroes of the story "The Chorus and Kalinych" are real. In fact, the hospitable host of hunting grounds was called Nikolai Aleksandrovich Golofeev. Ivan really got to know him on the hunt and stayed with him for several days. Moreover, after reading Turgenev's story and recognizing himself in it, Mr. Golofeev disagreed with Ivan Sergeyevich.
The image of the well-to-do serf Horia, strongmaster, educated man, is real to the smallest detail. The current village of Khorevka of the Ulyanovsk district of the Kaluga region has grown from the former Khorya farmstead. Years later, Afanasii Afanasyevich Fet visited Afanasievich Fet, noting the cordiality and the "oats of the 80-year-old owner", to whom "the years are nothing." Guests of the owner of the farm always proudly showed Turgenev's composition. He, of course, knew by heart his summary. "The Chorus and Kalinych", thus, reflects real people and real facts.
This strong master, ironically, hasa real friend of Kalinich, oddly enough, completely opposite to him. The latter lives a man. Kalinich does not know how to run an economy, earn and save money. However, he has other advantages. He understands animals, knows how to handle bees, has extrasensory abilities, which he uses for treatment. Quite different people, Chor and Kalinych. The summary of the story, however, testifies to their close friendship. Practical and sensible Choir thanks to Kalinych receives assistance in the treatment of domestic animals, treatment of folk medicine if necessary, and Kalynych - support from Khory on everyday issues, where he is a layman. In addition, they are both interesting interlocutors. Turgenev wrote in a story that he left their company with great reluctance.
On the other hand, the philosopher Horusdevelopment, views and the spiritual world has long felt superior to the landowner Polutykin. He feels that he is thinking deeper, and the economy is more confident. However, thanks to the natural mind, he is always respectful with his "master", although at leisure he does not mind to ridicule him. Comprehending the relationship between Polutykin and Khor, we must admit that this state of affairs, to put it mildly, does not correspond to the bourgeois views on the landowners-fathers.
That it is necessary to note, having read this shortcontent? "The Chorus and Kalinych" is a story written on time and to the point. He caused a great public response, a polemic. In delight with the work were Belinsky, Herzen, Annenkov. However, the story was not accepted by the Slavophiles, the Aksakov brothers. But the reaction of the censor E. Volkov, who discerned "a harmful thought for the peasantry", is particularly revealing, asserting that at liberty he can be better than even a landowner.
